Table 1 Descriptive statistics for Medicare-only beneficiaries (MOB) and dually eligible beneficiaries (DEB)
From: Health care utilization among Medicare-Medicaid dual eligibles: a count data analysis
Variable | Total | MOB | DEB | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Asian | Black | Hispanic | |||
N | 8,262 (100%) | 6,381 (77.2%) | 1,881 (22.8%) | 92 (1.11%) | 475 (5.75%) | 513 (6.21%) |
Demographic variables | ||||||
Age (mean) | 69.3 (15.4) | 70.9*** (13.4) | 64.1*** (19.8) | 71.1 (16.0) | 63.5 (20.7) | 67.1 (18.1) |
Elderly (age 65 and over) | 0.80 (0.40) | 0.84*** (0.37) | 0.67*** (0.47) | 0.88 (0.33) | 0.65 (0.48) | 0.77 (0.42) |
Male | 0.41 (0.49) | 0.43*** (0.50) | 0.32*** (0.47) | 0.38 (0.49) | 0.31 (0.48) | 0.33 (0.42) |
Married | 0.41 (0.49) | 0.47*** (0.50) | 0.23*** (0.42) | 0.44 (0.50) | 0.15 (0.36) | 0.31 (0.46) |
Rural | 0.27 (0.45) | 0.26*** (0.44) | 0.30*** (0.46) | 0.04 (0.21) | 0.28 (0.45) | 0.38 (0.39) |
College and more | 0.12 (0.31) | 0.13*** (0.33) | 0.04*** (0.20) | 0.12 (0.33) | 0.03 (0.18) | 0.02 (0.13) |
High school graduation | 0.40 (0.48) | 0.40*** (0.49) | 0.24*** (0.42) | 0.12 (0.33) | 0.25 (0.42) | 0.12 (0.32) |
Less than high school | 0.48 (0.50) | 0.47*** (0.50) | 0.73*** (0.44) | 0.76 (0.43) | 0.74 (0.44) | 0.86 (0.34) |
Asian | 0.02 (0.15) | 0.02*** (0.13) | 0.05*** (0.22) | -- | -- | -- |
Hispanic | 0.17 (0.37) | 0.13*** (0.34) | 0.27*** (0.45) | -- | -- | -- |
Afro-American | 0.18 (0.39) | 0.16*** (0.37) | 0.25*** (0.43) | -- | -- | -- |
Socioeconomic variables | ||||||
Poverty | 0.25 (0.43) | 0.19*** (0.39) | 0.45*** (0.50) | 0.33 (0.47) | 0.53 (0.50) | 0.38 (0.49) |
Still work | 0.11 (0.31) | 0.13*** (0.34) | 0.04*** (0.20) | 0.02 (0.15) | 0.03 (0.18) | 0.03 (0.17) |
Health-related variables | ||||||
Poor health | 0.36 (0.48) | 0.32*** (0.47) | 0.50*** (0.50) | 0.36 (0.48) | 0.50 (0.50) | 0.52 (0.50) |
Medical condition(s) of priority list | 0.48 (0.50) | 0.48*** (0.50) | 0.51*** (0.50) | 0.36 (0.50) | 0.58 (0.50) | 0.51 (0.50) |
Number of co-morbidities | 5.67 (4.19) | 5.44*** (4.01) | 6.47*** (4.68) | 4.15 (3.16) | 5.80 (4.45) | 6.40 (4.62) |
Limitation(s) to ADL | 0.11 (0.43) | 0.09*** (0.42) | 0.20*** (0.46) | 0.14 (0.43) | 0.22 (0.47) | 0.22 (0.47) |
Limitation(s) to IADL | 0.19 (0.46) | 0.15*** (0.45) | 0.33*** (0.49) | 0.24 (0.48) | 0.36 (0.50) | 0.30 (0.49) |
Dependent variables | ||||||
Office-based physician visits | 6.42 (8.26) | 6.09*** (7.44) | 7.54*** (10.52) | 5.98 (17.94) | 6.81 (11.43) | 7.73 (10.05) |
Hospital inpatient nights | 1.95 (7.49) | 1.73*** (7.02) | 2.66*** (8.86) | 0.24 (1.04) | 2.73 (8.31) | 2.80 (9.13) |
Home health provider days | 11.87 (51.4) | 5.82*** (34.0) | 32.5*** (84.7) | 5.04 (27.3) | 40.8 (90.3) | 36.35 (96.9) |
Total dental visits | 0.78 (1.98) | 0.87*** (2.10) | 0.48*** (1.50) | 0.39 (1.00) | 0.45 (1.32) | 0.51 (1.54) |