Table 4 summary of interventions delivered and evaluations performed (studies included in the review)
Authors (date) | Intervention delivered | Evaluation performed | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Who gave advice? | Where was advice given? | Referral system | Eligibility criteria (size of eligible population) | Financial | Non-financial, before-and-after design | Non-financial comp./control group | Qualitative |
Abbott & Hobby (1999)[79] | CAB worker | primary care or client's home | PHCT, self | all registered at 7 practices | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Abbott & Hobby (2002)[34] | CAB worker and city council welfare rights officer | primary care | variable | (94+ practices) | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Actions (2004)[81] | welfare rights advisers | primary care, clients' homes, telephone | self, medical staff, friends and family, voluntary and community _rganizations, social services, various other services | not reported | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Bennett (1997)[82] | CAB worker | CAB office | PHCT | all registered at 3 practices | Yes | No | No | No |
Borland (2004)[83, 84] | CAB worker | primary care, community hospitals, CAB offices, client's home | PHCT, self, any other agency | (Wales wide) | No | No | No | Yes |
Bowran (1997)[85] | CAB worker | primary care | not reported | (n = 12500) | No | No | No | Yes |
Broseley Health and Advice Partnership (2004)[86] | CAB worker | Primar care | self and all those registered at practice aged over 75 invited to take part | those registered at health centre | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Bundy (2002)[87, 88] | city council welfare rights officer and CAB worker | primary care | PHCT, self | (9 practices) | Yes | No | No | No |
Bundy (2003)[88] | city council welfare rights officer and CAB worker | primary care | PHCT, self, any other agency | all registered at practices covering 1/3 of those registered in Salford | Yes | No | No | No |
Coppell et al (1999)[43] | welfare rights officer | primary care | PHCT, self | anyone (n = 4057) | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Cornwallis & O'Neil (1998)[65] | Money advice worker | primary care | PHCT, self | all registered at practice(s) (n = 7600) | No | No | No | Yes |
Derbyshire CC WRS (1997)[89] | welfare rights officer | primary care | PHCT, self | all registered at practice(s) (n = 23 039) | Yes | No | No | No |
Derbyshire CC WRS (1998a)[22] | welfare rights officer | primary care | not reported | all registered at 2 practices | Yes | No | No | No |
Derbyshire CC WRS (1998b)[22] | Welfare rights service worker | primary care | PHCT and targeted mailshots | (4 practices) | Yes | No | No | No |
Dow & Boaz (1994)[23] | Linkage worker trained to assist in application for benefit | Clients' home or treatment facility | All individuals registered at 2 community mental health centres over 18 not currently claiming benefits, random sample of those meeting criteria at third centre, possibly eligible for benefits at screening | Screening form used – US citizen or resident alien, income <$600/month ($900 if married), one of: HIV+, 65+, blind, deaf, disabled | No | No | Yes | No |
Emanuel & Begum (2000)[90] | CAB worker | primary care | PHCT, self | anyone (n = 12 601) | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Farmer & Kennedy (2001)[91] | CAB worker | primary care, hospital | at hospitals – from ward staff to social work staff to CAB worker | not reported | No | No | No | Yes |
Fleming & Golding (1997)[92] | CAB worker | primary care | not reported | all registered at 21 practices | No | No | No | Yes |
Frost-Gaskin et al (2003)[66] | Mind benefit advisor | Mental health resource and day centres (primary care) | None – advisors approached as many regular attendees as possible | all regular attendees (population of those eleigible to attend = 313 510) | Yes | No | No | No |
Ferguson & Simmons[93] | Community Links workers (local advice provider) | primary care | Mailshot to registered patients, GP referral | (50% of surgeries in London Borough of Newham) | No | No | Mp | Yes |
Galvin et al (2000)[67, 94] | CAB worker | primary care | PHCT | (7 practices) | No | No | No | Yes |
Greasley (2003)[95] and Greasley & Small (2005)[96] | 12 advisors from 6 agencies | primary care | PHCT, self, any other agency | (n = 106 707) | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
Griffiths (1992)[97] | city council welfare rights officer | primary care | PHCT, self, any other agency | (2 health centres) | Yes | No | No | No |
Hastie (2003)[98] | CAB worker | primary care, 2 other local locations | GP, self | not reported | Yes | No | No | Yes |
High Peak CAB (1995)[99] | CAB worker | primary care | not reported | all those in town (n = 2500) | No | No | No | No |
High Peak CAB (2001)[100] | CAB workers | not reported | not reported | not reported | Yes | No | No | No |
High Peak CAB (2003)[101] | CAB workers | primary care | PHCT, self, other agencies | all registered at practices involved | Yes | No | No | No |
Hoskins & Smith (2002)[63] | welfare rights officer | client's home | community nurses screened for attendance allowance eligibility opportunistically from their client list and referred screen positive | those >64 who in community nurses opinion were physically/mentally frail (population>64 = 1690) | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Hoskins et al (in press)[102] | money advice workers | clients' homes | community nurses screened for attendance allowance eligibility from their client list and referred screen positive | those over 64 who appeared to have unmet clinical needs | Yes | No | No | No |
Knight (2002)[103] | welfare benefits advisor | primary care and client's home | all aged 75+ identified through GP and sent invitation to take part | all aged 75+ in central Liverpool PCT area (n = 31 000) | No | No | No | Yes |
Lancashire CC WRS (2001)[104] | welfare rights officer | client's home | all patients aged 80+ invited to take part | all registered at 3 practices 80+ | No | No | No | No |
Langley et al (2004)[25] | Welfare benefits advice worker | primary care, hospital, client's home, local CAB | after consent obtained, sent health assessment questionnaire. Those with score >1/5 contacted by advisor and offered advice session | over 16 with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis of knee or hip for >1 yr plus NSAID recruited from 20 practices. If >100 eligible from any practice, random sample of 100 | No | No | No | No |
Lishman-Peat & Brown (2002)[105] | not reported | primary care and client's home | PHCT, self | (5 practices) | Yes | No | No | Yes |
MacMillan & CAB Partnership (2004)[106] | CAB workers | clients' homes, "acute and primary care locations" and cancer information centres | from nursing staff at 3 hospitals and community MacMillan nurses | cancer patients and their families | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Memel & Gubbay (1999)[57] | welfare rights advisor | primary care | not reported | not reported | No | No | No | No |
Memel et al (2002)[24] | CAB worker | primary care or hospital | those with RA or OA from follow up patients at rheumatology outpatients at a teaching hospital and those from two GP surgeries who had take part in other research project | diagnosis of OA or RA, being seen at outpatients or registered at participating GP, health assessment questionnaire score of 2 or more, not currently claiming attendant's allowance or disability living allowance | No | No | No | No |
Middlesbrough WRU (1999)[107] | city council welfare rights officer | primary care and client's home where necessary | PHCT | all registered at practice(s) (n = 90 500) | No | No | No | No |
Middlesbrough WRU (2004)[108] | welfare rights officers | primary care and clients' homes | GPs, practice receptionists, district nurses, health visitors, health and social care assessors, Macmillan nurses, social workers, age concern | those registered at practice aged over 50 | Yes | No | No | No |
Middleton et al (1993a)[69] | housing department welfare rights advisor | primary care | not reported | (n = 15 000) | Yes | No | No | No |
Middleton et al (1993b)[69] | CAB worker | primary care | not reported | (4 practices) | Yes | No | No | No |
Moffatt (2004)[109] | Welfare rights worker | client's home | invitation to take part sent to random sample of those aged 65+ | random sample (n = 400+) of those aged 65+ registered at 4 practices | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Moffatt et al (2004)[110, 111] | CAB worker | primary care | PHCT, self | all registered at practice | No | No | No | Yes |
Paris & Player (1993)[71] | CAB worker | primary care | PHCT | (n = 64 779) | Yes | No | No | No |
Reading et al (2002)[72, 80] | CAB worker | primary care | letter to all eligible families | all families registered at 3 health centres with child under 1 year | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
Roberts (1999)[112] | CAB worker | primary care, client's home, letter, telephone | PHCT, self | (5 practices) | No | No | No | Yes |
Sedgefield and district AIS (2004)[113] | CAB worker | primary care | PHCT | all registered at practice(s) | No | No | No | Yes |
Sherratt et al (2000)[77] | CAB worker | 3 models – primary care, telephone, client's home | PHCT (GP surgery, telephone) or targeted at housebound (home visits only) | all registered at 7 or 4 practices (in-surgery and telephone advice), all housebound patients registered with GP in Gateshead (home visits) | No | No | No | Yes |
Southwark CC MAS (1998)[114] | welfare rights officer | primary care | not reported | (n = 76 417) | Yes | No | No | Yes |
Toeg et al (2003)[61] | CAB worker | primary care, client's home or telephone | all those eligible invited by letter from GP | registered at practice, 80 years +, living in own home (n = 12 000) | Yes | No | No | No |
Vaccarello (2004)[115] | HABIT officer | client's home | invitation letters from GPs to those aged 75+ | all aged 75 in Liverpool (n = 31 000) | No | No | No | Yes |
Veitch (1995) GP[21] | CAB worker | primary care | not reported | (21 practices) | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Veitch (1995) mental health[21] | CAB worker | health and social services sites (mental health centres) | not reported | not reported | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Veitch & Terry (1993)[44] | CAB worker | primary care | PHCT | (n = 64 779) | No | No | No | No |
Widdowfield & Rickard (1996)[116] | CAB worker | primary care | PHCT, self | all registered at practice(s) | No | No | No | Yes |
Woodcock (2004)[117] | city council welfare rights officer | primary care | PHCT | not reported | No | No | No | Yes |