Avoidable mortality across Canada from 1975 to 1999

James, Paul D; Manuel, Doug G; Mao, Yang

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-137

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Selected avoidable deaths^a

From: Avoidable mortality across Canada from 1975 to 1999

Cause of death	Intervention	Evidence of effectiveness	ICD8 code 1969–78	ICD9 code 1979–99	Age-groups (years)
*All causes*			000–999	001–999	0–64
Ischaemic heart disease	Public health Smoking cessation, lifestyle modification	[21][22][36]	410–413	410–414, 429.2	35–64
	Medical care Pharmacotherapy, angioplasty, surgery	[37][38][39][40][41]
*Deaths amenable to medical care*
Tuberculosis	Immunization, contact tracing, pharmacotherapy	[42][43]	011–019	010–018, 137	5–64
Malignant neoplasm of the breast [Breast cancer]	Screening, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy	[44][45][46][47]	174	174	25–64
Malignant neoplasm of the cervix uteri [Cervical cancer]	Screening, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy	[48][49]	180	180	15–64
Malignant neoplasm of the uterus (except cervix uteri) [Uterine cancer]	Screening, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy	[50][51]	182	179, 182	15–64
Hodgkin's disease	Chemotherapy, radiation therapy	[52][53][54]	201	201	15–64
Hypertension and cerebrovascular disease	Pharmacotherapy, carotid endarterectomy	[39][55][56][57]	400–404, 430–438	401–405, 430–438	35–64
Asthma	Pharmacotherapy	[58][59]	493	493	5–44
Gastric and duodenal ulcer [Ulcers]	Pharmacotherapy, surgery	[60][61]	531–534	531–534	25–64
Appendicitis	Surgery	[62][63]	540–543	540–543	5–64
Hernia	Surgery	[64]	550–553	550–553	5–64
Cholelithiasis, cholecystitis and cholangitis [Gallbladder diseases]	Pharmacotherapy, surgery	[65]	574–576	575–476	5–64
Complications of pregnancy [Maternal mortality]	Screening, pharmacotherapy, surgery	[66][67]	630–678	630–676	0–64
Perinatal conditions	Screening, pharmacotherapy, surgery	[68]	760–779	760–779	> 28 weeks gestation <1 week and stillbirths
*Deaths amenable to public health*
Malignant Neoplasm of the Trachea, Bronchus and Lung [Lung cancer]	Smoking cessation, lifestyle modification	[69][70][71]	162	162	35–64
Accidents/Poisonings/Violence [Injuries]	Legislation, safety equipment	[72][73][74][75][76][77][20]	800–999	800–999	0–64

Note – Simplified names for some causes are presented within square brackets.
^aAdapted from the European Community Working Group on Health Services and "Avoidable Deaths," 1997.[16]

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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