Table 4 Associations of Chronic Conditions and Age with Functional Decline in Participants Without Initial Functional Limitation (n = 1067)
From: Increase of mild disability in Japanese elders: A seven year follow-up cohort study
| outcome level | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mild | severe | ||||||
| Gender | Covariate | R.R | 95% C.I. | P | R.R | 95% C.I. | P |
| Male | |||||||
| age* | 2.5 | (1.4–4.5) | P < 0.01 | 5.3 | (2.1–13.2) | P < 0.01 | |
| chronic arthritis | 1.9 | (0.6–6.2) | 1.6 | (0.3–8.6) | |||
| osteoporosis† | 4.4 | (0.5–36.2) | n.a | ||||
| bone fracture | 2.6 | (0.8–8.1) | 1.7 | (0.2–14.8) | |||
| CVA§ | 5.6 | (1.7–19.1) | P < 0.01 | 20.3 | (5.2–78.6) | P < 0.01 | |
| diabetes | 1.2 | (0.4–3.1) | 2.5 | (0.6–10.1) | |||
| chronic lung disease | 2.2 | (0.9–5.6) | 2.9 | (0.7–12.0) | |||
| eye disease | 1.0 | (0.4–2.4) | 1.0 | (0.3–3.6) | |||
| malignancy† | 5.4 | (1.6–18.3) | P < 0.01 | n.a | |||
| Female | |||||||
| age* | 4.9 | (3.4–7.1) | P < 0.01 | 9.0 | (4.4–18.2) | P < 0.01 | |
| chronic arthritis | 2.8 | (1.5–5.2) | P < 0.01 | 5.4 | (1.9–15.8) | P < 0.01 | |
| osteoporosis | 1.4 | (0.6–3.2) | 2.6 | (0.7–9.9) | |||
| bone fracture | 1.3 | (0.6–3.1) | 1.1 | (0.3–4.9) | |||
| CVA§ | 3.4 | (0.6–19.8) | 22.3 | (2.5–198.5) | P < 0.01 | ||
| diabetes | 2.6 | (1.2–5.9) | P < 0.05 | 1.5 | (0.2–13.2) | ||
| chronic lung disease | 0.3 | (0.1–1.1) | 1.5 | (0.3–8.0) | |||
| eye disease | 1.1 | (0.6–1.8) | 0.8 | (0.3–2.3) | |||
| malignancy† | 0.8 | (0.3–2.3) | n.a | ||||