Table 3 Distribution of variables by dimensions
Variable | Rural | Urban | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases n = 108 % | Controls n = 139 % | Cases n = 198 % | Controls n = 211 % | |
Dimension 1. Family characteristics | ||||
Mother's age (years) | ||||
Median (min-max) | 30 (18–43) | 27 (15–44) | 25 (15–43) | 24 (16–47) |
Father's age (years) | ||||
Median (min-max) | 32 (19–45) | 30 (15–60) | 28 (18–56) | 28 (18–60) |
Illiteracy of mother | 50.0 | 37.4* | 62.9 | 44.8** |
Illiteracy of father | 65.7 | 53.2* | 50.3 | 46.2 |
Parents' civil status (married) | 85.2 | 72.7** | 63.1 | 68.2 |
Duration of parents' union longer than two years | 95.4 | 84.2** | 15.6 | 27.5** |
Type of family (nuclear) | 61.1 | 57.6 | 68.2 | 71.6 |
Completeness of the family | 94.4 | 93.5 | 90.9 | 88.6 |
Size of the family (number of members) median (min-max) | 8 (3–16) | 7 (2–16) | 5 (3–14) | 5 (2–18) |
Mother's use of contraceptive method | 13.9 | 26.6* | 58.7 | 69.6* |
Dimension 2. Family income | ||||
Mother's occupation | ||||
Housewife | 80.6 | 76.3 | 86.4 | 84.8 |
Other | 19.4 | 23.7 | 13.6 | 15.2 |
Father's occupation | ||||
Worker | 13.0 | 20.9 | 27.8 | 20.4* |
Farmer | 65.721.3 | 53.2* | 17.7 | 22.3 |
Other | 25.9 | 55.5 | 57.3 | |
Time during which father has worked in the same place (months) Median (min-max) | 7 (1–30) | 8 (0–36) | 4 (1–60) | 4 (1–30) |
Per capita family income per month (USD) | ||||
Mean (SD) | 22.8 (11.7) | 25.2 (6.0) | 39.5 (18.6) | 45.2 (24.1)* |
migration of parents | ||||
From rural to urban settings | 71.2 | 55.8* | ||
From rural to rural | 2.8 | 8.6 | ||
Dimension 3. Household allocation of resources and family organisation | ||||
Child care provided exclusively by the mother | 80.6 | 89.9* | 89.9 | 87.2 |
Time spend by the mother to care for the child (hours/day) Median (min-max) | 5 (3–17) | 6 (0–21) | 5 (0–21) | 5 (1–14) |
% of family income spent in: | ||||
Food. Mean (SD+) | 39.0 (13.5) | 37.5 (14.9) | 52.0 (15.6) | 50.7 (14.8) |
Transportation. Mean(SD+) | 8.5 (5.9) | 8.1 (4.1) | 12.3 (7.3) | 12.7 (7.0) |
Dimension 4. Social networks | ||||
Lack of social networks | 24.1 | 24.5 | 14.1 | 14.7 |
Size of network (Small) | 63.0 | 59.0 | 75.3 | 63.0** |
Type of support | ||||
Child care | 64.8 | 50.7* | 62.1 | 64.5 |
Economic | 62.0 | 63.3 | 22.2 | 14.2** |
Dimension 5. Child health care | ||||
Breast feeding (months) | ||||
Median (min-max) | 7 (0–12) | 6 (0–17) | 4 (2–15) | 3 (1–12) |
Age at weaning (months) | ||||
Median (min-max) | 7 (1–14) | 6 (1–13)** | 4 (2–15) | 4 (1–12) |
Complete immunisation scheme | 83.3 | 87.8 | 77.3 | 82.5 |
Attendance to the Well Child Program activities (number of visits) | ||||
Median (min-max) | 2 (0–4) | 2 (0–9) | 2 (0–6) | 3 (0–8)** |