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Table 2 Unadjusted, matched odds ratios for the occurrence of cryptosporidiosis among patients with AIDS according to exposure to drinking water sources

From: Endemic cryptosporidiosis and exposure to municipal tap water in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): A case-control study

 

Cases (n = 49)

Controls (n = 99)

  

Variable

N

(%)

N

(%)

Odds Ratio

95% CI

Tap water at home

      

   Never

2

(4)

31

(31)

1.00

Reference

   Sometimes

20

(41)

30

(30)

9.54

2.06, 44.1

   Always

27

(55)

38

(38)

9.78

2.14, 44.7

Tap water outside home

      

   Never

29

(59)

81

(82)

1.00

Reference

   Sometimes

4

(8)

8

(8)

2.00

0.53, 7.50

   Always

16

(33)

10

(10)

4.20

1.76, 10.0

Tap water compositea

      

   Lowest exposure

2

(4)

29

(29)

1.00

Reference

   Intermediate exposure

35

(71)

64

(65)

7.08

1.59, 31.4

   Highest exposure

12

(24)

6

(6)

24.3

4.21, 139

Bottled water at home

      

   Never

25

(51)

38

(38)

1.00

Reference

   Sometimes

24

(49)

40

(40)

0.81

0.37, 1.76

   Always

0

(0)

21

(21)

0.09c

0.03, 0.37

Bottled water outside home

      

   Never

17

(35)

36

(36)

1.00

Reference

   Sometimes

10

(20)

20

(20)

0.97

0.28, 3.40

   Always

22

(45)

43

(43)

0.75

0.28, 2.06

Bottled water compositeb

      

   Lowest exposure

11

(22)

17

(17)

1.00

Reference

   Intermediate exposure

38

(78)

70

(71)

0.66

0.26, 1.68

   Highest exposure

0

(0)

12

(12)

0.17c

0.06, 0.83

Filtered municipal water

      

   Filtered

27

(55)

51

(52)

1.00

Reference

   Mixed

14

(29)

37

(37)

0.75

0.35, 1.58

   Unfiltered

8

(16)

11

(11)

1.36

0.44, 4.16

  1. aLowest = answered never consumed tap water both inside and outside the home; Highest = answered always consumed tap water both inside and outside the home; Intermediate = all other responses bLowest = answered never consumed bottled water both inside and outside the home; Highest = answered always consumed bottled water both inside and outside the home; Intermediate = all other responses cUnmatched, median-unbiased odds ratio estimate and exact 95% confidence intervals calculated directly from the mid-p function based on the hypergeometric model (see methods)
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