| Males (N = 24,794) |  | Females (N = 10,168) |  | Total (N = 34,962) |  | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indigenous | Non-Indigenous | Indigenous | Non-Indigenous | Indigenous | Non-Indigenous | ||||||||||
N = 4,615 | N = 20,179 | N = 2,215 | N = 7,953 | N = 6,830 | N = 28,132 | ||||||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||
 | (Median) | (Min-Max) | (Median) | (Min-Max) | P | (Median) | (Min-Max) | (Median) | (Min-Max) | P | (Median) | (Min-Max) | (Median) | (Min-Max) | P |
First treatment episode | |||||||||||||||
Age at treatment entry (years): | 26.4 | 9.1 (IQR) | 27.7 | 9.7 (IQR) | <0.001 | 24.3 | 18.6 (IQR) | 25.9 | 9.5 (IQR) | <0.001 | 25.7 | 9.0 (IQR) | 27.2 | 9.7 (IQR) | <0.001 |
Median IQR (min-max) | 14.3-60.6 | 14.9-73.3 | 14.8-49.2 | 14.2-63.9 | 14.3-60.6 | 14.2-73.3 | |||||||||
OST first received: | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.168 | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Methadone | 4,004 | 86.8 | 16,700 | 82.8 | Â | 1,909 | 86.2 | 6,761 | 85.0 | Â | 5,913 | 86.6 | 23,461 | 83.4 | Â |
Buprenorphine | 611 | 13.2 | 3,479 | 17.2 | Â | 306 | 13.8 | 1,192 | 15.0 | Â | 917 | 13.4 | 4,671 | 16.6 | Â |
Setting: | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Community | 2,877 | 62.3 | 17,403 | 86.2 | Â | 1,888 | 85.2 | 7,585 | 95.4 | Â | 4,765 | 69.8 | 24,988 | 88.8 | Â |
Prison | 1,738 | 37.7 | 2,776 | 13.8 | Â | 327 | 14.8 | 368 | 4.6 | Â | 2,065 | 30.2 | 3,144 | 11.2 | Â |
Year of treatment entry: | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
1985–1990 | 353 | 7.7 | 3,001 | 14.9 |  | 266 | 12.0 | 1,342 | 16.9 |  | 619 | 9.1 | 4,343 | 15.4 |  |
1991–1995 | 587 | 12.7 | 3,648 | 18.1 |  | 337 | 15.2 | 1,453 | 18.3 |  | 924 | 13.5 | 5,101 | 18.1 |  |
1996–2000 | 1,204 | 26.1 | 5,991 | 29.7 |  | 645 | 29.1 | 2,418 | 30.4 |  | 1,849 | 27.1 | 8,409 | 29.9 |  |
2001–2005 | 1,212 | 26.3 | 4,438 | 22.0 |  | 568 | 25.6 | 1,690 | 21.3 |  | 1,780 | 26.1 | 6,128 | 21.8 |  |
2006-2010 | 1,259 | 27.3 | 3,101 | 15.4 | Â | 399 | 18.0 | 1,050 | 13.2 | Â | 1,658 | 24.3 | 4,151 | 14.8 | Â |
Duration of episode (days): | 169 | 560 (IQR) | 206 | 776 (IQR) | <0.001 | 177 | 657 (IQR) | 288 | 1,001 (IQR) | <0.001 | 172 | 595 (IQR) | 227 | 843 (IQR) | <0.001 |
Median IQR (min-max) |  | 1–9,518 |  | 1–9,980 |  |  | 1–9,752 |  | 2–9,915 |  |  | 1-9752 |  | 1-9980 |  |
Number of people in treatment at: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
3 months | 2,466 | 53.4 | 11,496 | 57.0 | <0.001 | 1,216 | 54.9 | 5,001 | 62.9 | <0.001 | 3,682 | 53.9 | 16,497 | 58.6 | <0.001 |
6 months | 1,793 | 38.9 | 8,807 | 43.6 | <0.001 | 905 | 40.9 | 3,492 | 49.6 | <0.001 | 2,698 | 39.5 | 12,749 | 45.3 | <0.001 |
9 months | 1,378 | 29.9 | 7,190 | 35.6 | <0.001 | 711 | 32.1 | 3,253 | 40.9 | <0.001 | 2,089 | 30.6 | 10,443 | 37.1 | <0.001 |
12 months | 1,106 | 24.0 | 6,050 | 30.0 | <0.001 | 584 | 26.4 | 2,764 | 34.8 | <0.001 | 1,690 | 24.7 | 8,814 | 31.3 | <0.001 |
Overall treatment utilisation | |||||||||||||||
Form of OST ever received: | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Methadone only | 2,881 | 62.4 | 12,136 | 60.1 | Â | 1,348 | 60.9 | 5,032 | 63.3 | Â | 4,229 | 61.9 | 17,168 | 61.0 | Â |
Buprenorphine only | 272 | 5.9 | 2,034 | 10.1 | Â | 124 | 5.6 | 608 | 7.6 | Â | 396 | 5.8 | 2,642 | 9.4 | Â |
Methadone and buprenorphine | 1,462 | 31.7 | 6,009 | 29.8 | Â | 743 | 33.5 | 2,313 | 29.1 | Â | 2,205 | 32.3 | 8,322 | 29.6 | Â |
Number of OST switches within a treatment episode: | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
0 | 3,153 | 68.3 | 14,170 | 70.2 | Â | 1,472 | 66.5 | 5,640 | 70.9 | Â | 4,625 | 67.7 | 19,810 | 70.4 | Â |
1–5 | 1,391 | 30.1 | 5,830 | 28.9 |  | 717 | 32.4 | 2,236 | 28.1 |  | 2,108 | 30.9 | 8,066 | 28.7 |  |
>5 | 71 | 1.5 | 179 | 0.9 | Â | 26 | 1.2 | 77 | 1.0 | Â | 97 | 1.4 | 256 | 0.9 | Â |
Ever received OST in prison: | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
No | 1,492 | 32.3 | 12,470 | 61.8 | Â | 1,136 | 51.3 | 6,314 | 74.4 | Â | 2,628 | 38.5 | 18,784 | 66.8 | Â |
Yes | 3,123 | 67.7 | 7,709 | 38.2 | Â | 1,079 | 48.7 | 1,639 | 20.6 | Â | 4,202 | 61.5 | 9,348 | 33.2 | Â |
Total number of treatment episodes: | 2 | 3 (IQR) | 2 | 3 (IQR) | 0.348 | 3 | 4 (IQR) | 2 | 3 (IQR) | <0.001 | 2 | 3 (IQR) | 2 | 3 (IQR) | <0.001 |
Median IQR (min-max) | Â | 1-23 | Â | 1-30 | Â | Â | 1-25 | Â | 1-26 | Â | Â | 1-25 | Â | 1-30 | Â |
Percentage of follow-up time each individual spent in treatment: # | 40.5 | 58.3 (IQR) | 43.1 | 66.6 (IQR) | 0.002 | 57.9 | 59.5 (IQR) | 55.8 | 66.5 (IQR) | 0.885 | 45.6 | 60.2 (IQR) | 46.5 | 67.3 (IQR) | 0.052 |
Median IQR (min-max) | 0.02-100 | 0.01-100 | 0.04-100 | 0.02-100 | 0.02-100 | 0.01-100 |