Table 1 Smoking habits in 10,289 subjects participating in GEIRD cross-sectional survey in 2007–2010
From: Socioeconomic inequalities in smoking habits are still increasing in Italy
| Â | Never smokers | Ex-smokers | Current smokers | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sexb |  |  |  | p < 0.001a |
  Men | 2451 (50%) | 852 (17.4%) | 1600 (32.6%) |  |
  Women | 3320 (61.7%) | 810 (15.0%) | 1253 (23.3%) |  |
Ageb |  |  |  | p < 0.001 |
  20-29 years | 1707 (59.8%) | 276 (9.7%) | 872 (30.5%) |  |
  30-39 years | 2525 (56.4%) | 759 (17.0%) | 1193 (26.6%) |  |
  40-47 years | 1520 (51.9%) | 627 (21.4%) | 782 (26.7%) |  |
Educationb |  |  |  | p < 0.001 |
  Primary school | 45 (43.2%) | 14 (13.5%) | 45 (43.3%) |  |
  Lower secondary | 763 (40.3%) | 374 (19.7%) | 757 (40.0%) |  |
  Upper secondary | 3110 (56.6%) | 887 (16.2%) | 1493 (27.2%) |  |
  Degree | 1816 (66.2%) | 382 (13.9%) | 544 (19.8%) |  |
Occupationb |  |  |  | p < 0.001 |
  Clerk | 2448 (60.4%) | 703 (17.4%) | 899 (22.2%) |  |
  Housewife | 430 (58.8%) | 118 (16.1%) | 183 (25.0%) |  |
  Manager | 101 (58.7%) | 37 (21.5%) | 34 (19.8%) |  |
  Businessman | 186 (50.0%) | 70 (18.8%) | 116 (31.2%) |  |
  Free-lancer | 692 (54.5%) | 201 (15.8%) | 377 (29.7%) |  |
  Workman | 616 (41.8%) | 282 (19.2%) | 573 (39.0%) |  |
  Unemployed | 309 (46.7%) | 93 (14.0%) | 260 (39.3%) |  |
  Student | 756 (67.5%) | 81 (7.2%) | 283 (25.3%) |  |
  Retired | 18 (56%) | 5 (16%) | 9 (28%) |  |
  Other job | 186 (51.6%) | 68 (18.8%) | 107 (29.6%) |  |
Site of residenceb |  |  |  | p = 0.002 |
Downtown | 1794 (54.9%) | 496 (15.2%) | 978 (29.9%) | Â |
  Suburbs | 2285 (56.4%) | 662 (16.3%) | 1103 (27.2%) |  |
  Countryside | 568 (54.4%) | 205 (19.6%) | 272 (26.0%) |  |
Geographic area |  |  |  | p = 0.001 |
Northern Italy | 2163 (56.4%) | 676 (17.6%) | 999 (26.0%) | Â |
Central-Southern | 3610 (55.9%) | 986 (15.3%) | 1855 (28.8%) | Â |