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Table 5 Action and conceptual theory test, and mediation effects of the family-related factors on the UP4FUN intervention effect (conducted in 2011 among European children)

From: The role of family-related factors in the effects of the UP4FUN school-based family-focused intervention targeting screen time in 10- to 12-year-old children: the ENERGY project

Family-related factors

a

b

ab

Outcome: TV time

   

Parental TV time

-0.017(0.039)

0.197(0.020)**

-0.003(0.008)

TVs at home

-0.036(0.057)

0.066(0.015)*

-0.002(0.004)

Permissiveness TV viewing (2 items)

0.025(0.03)

-0.200(0.023)**

-0.005(0.006)

Paying attention/monitoring TV viewing

-0.017(0.019)

-0.254(0.028)**

0.004(0.005)

Negotiating TV viewing

0.048(0.026)

-0.095(0.021)*

-0.005(0.003)

Rules TV viewing

0.014(0.029)

-0.117(0.021)*

-0.002(0.003)

Avoiding negative TV role modeling

-0.004(0.026)

-0.081(0.025)

0.000(0.002)

Parental PA week

-0.019(0.081)

0.008(0.010)

0.000(0.001)

Parental sports

0.044(0.047)

-0.066(0.016)*

-0.003(0.003)

Active family trips (3 items)

0.023(0.028)

-0.086(0.025)

-0.002(0.002)

Outcome: computer/game console time

   

Parental computer/console behaviour

-0.004(0.018)

0.280(0.034)**

-0.001(0.005)

Number of computers

-0.059(0.056)

0.030(0.015)

-0.002(0.002)

Number of consoles

-0.041(0.051)

0.057(0.014)*

-0.002(0.003)

Permissiveness computer/console use (2 items)

0.028(0.024)

-0.188(0.027)**

-0.005(0.005)

Paying attention/monitoring computer/console use

0.009(0.017)

-0.190(0.035)*

-0.002(0.003)

Negotiating computer/console use

0.062(0.027)

-0.032(0.023)

-0.002(0.002)

Rules computer/console use

0.03(0.024)

-0.042(0.025)

-0.001(0.001)

Avoiding negative computer/console role modeling

0(0.027)

-0.047(0.024)

0(0.001)

Parental PA week

-0.017(0.08)

0.026(0.011)

0.000(0.002)

Parental sports

0.038(0.044)

-0.051(0.016)

-0.002(0.002)

Active family trips (3 items)

0.02(0.026)

-0.003(0.027)

0.000(0.001)

  1. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
  2. c- coefficient: estimate of the intervention effect on residualized change score of outcome behaviour.
  3. c’-coefficient: estimate of the intervention effect on change score of outcome behaviour, adjusted for changes in family environmental factor.
  4. a-coefficient: effect of intervention on residualized change score of family-environmental factor.
  5. b-coefficient: estimate of the independent effect of the change in mediator on residualized change score for outcome behaviour, adjusted for total effect from intervention on outcome behaviour.
  6. ab product-of-coefficient estimate; mediated effect.
  7. Three-level regression models were conducted: children nested within schools within countries, all regression models were adjusted for children’s age, children’s gender, and parents’ years education.
  8. Countries included in the study: Belgium, Germany, Greece, Hungary and Norway.