Age group and country‡
| Weight¶(kg) | Height*(cm) | BMI#(kg/m2) |
|---|
| | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls |
|---|
6-year-olds§
|
NS
|
NS
|
P < 0.01
|
P < 0.0001
|
P < 0.05
|
P < 0.01
|
BEL | - 0.2°°°° | - 0.1°°°° | - 0.2°°° | - 0.2°°°° | - 0.1°°°° | 0 |
SVN | - 0.1 | - 0.2 | + 0.4° | + 0.6°° | - 0.2°° | - 0.3°°° |
7-year-olds§
|
P < 0.05
|
P < 0.01
|
P < 0.001
|
P = 0.0001
|
P < 0.01
|
P < 0.05
|
BEL | - 0.1 | - 0.4°°°° | - 0.3°° | - 0.6°°°° | 0 | - 0.1 |
CZE | + 0.2 | + 0.4 | - 0.2 | - 0.2 | + 0.1 | + 0.3 |
IRL | - 0.7°° | - 0.9°° | - 1.0°°° | - 1.0°°° | - 0.2 | - 0.3° |
LVA | + 0.2 | + 0.2 | + 0.2 | - 0.1 | 0 | + 0.1 |
LTU | 0 | 0 | + 0.3 | 0 | - 0.1 | 0 |
PRT | - 0.4 | + 0.1 | + 0.5 | + 0.4 | - 0.4°° | 0 |
SVN | - 0.4° | - 0.3 | 0 | 0 | - 0.2°° | - 0.2° |
8-year-olds§
|
P < 0.0001
|
P < 0.05
|
NS
|
P < 0.05
|
P < 0.0001
|
P < 0.05
|
BEL | - 0.1° | - 0.1° | - 0.1° | - 0.1° | 0 | 0 |
ITA | - 0.6°°°° | - 0.1 | + 0.1 | + 0.3° | - 0.4°°°° | - 0.1 |
NOR | + 0.6°° | + 0.4 | - 0.1 | 0 | + 0.3°°° | + 0.2° |
SVN | + 0.3 | + 0.3 | + 0.3 | + 0.2 | + 0.1 | + 0.1 |
9-year-olds§
|
NS
|
NS
|
P < 0.05
|
P < 0.05
|
P < 0.01
|
NS
|
BEL | - 0.3°° | - 0.4°°° | - 0.4°°°° | - 0.4°°° | 0 | - 0.1°° |
ITA | - 0.5° | - 0.5° | + 0.1 | + 0.1 | - 0.3°° | - 0.3°° |
-
Abbreviations: ANOVA analysis of variance, BMI body mass index, COSI Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative, BMI/A BMI-for-age, H/A height-for-age, NS not significant, W/A weight-for-age.
-
‡The country codes refer to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 3166–1 Alpha-3 country codes and countries were listed in alphabetical order by their full names: BEL, Belgium (Flanders); CZE, Czech Republic; IRL, Ireland; ITA, Italy; LVA, Latvia; LTU, Lithuania; NOR, Norway; PRT, Portugal (all regions except Madeira); SVN, Slovenia.
-
¶Body weight was adjusted for clothes worn when measured and children with a W/A Z-score < −6 or > +5 were excluded.
-
*Children with a H/A Z-score < −6 or > +6 were excluded.
-
#Body weight was adjusted for clothes worn when measured and children with a BMI/A Z-score < −5 or > +5 were excluded.
-
§Significance level of the two-way ANOVA to assess the interaction effect of country and round on the change in mean values for the indicated age-sex group.
- °Statistically significant difference of mean values between the two rounds for the indicated age-sex group (unpaired t-test (equal variance) or unpaired Welch’s t-test (unequal variance); P < 0.05).
- °°Statistically significant difference of mean values between the two rounds for the indicated age-sex group (unpaired t-test (equal variance) or unpaired Welch’s t-test (unequal variance); P < 0.01).
- °°°Statistically significant difference of mean values between the two rounds for the indicated age-sex group (unpaired t-test (equal variance) or unpaired Welch’s t-test (unequal variance); P ≤ 0.001).
- °°°°Statistically significant difference of mean values between the two rounds for the indicated age-sex group (unpaired t-test (equal variance) or unpaired Welch’s t-test (unequal variance); P ≤ 0.0001).
