Table 3 Non-adjusted analysis and analysis adjusted by the Poisson regression model of the factors associated with prolonged non-nutritive sucking habits among Ribeirão Preto schoolchildren (2004/05)
From: Factors associated with prolonged non-nutritive sucking habits in two cohorts of Brazilian children
Variables | PNNSH | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | (wtd%) | (Non-adjusted) | (Model 1) | (Model 2) | |
Maternal age | |||||
<20 | 259 | 51.75 | 1.10(0.90-1.35) | 1.12(0.88-1.43) | 1.15(0.93-1.44) |
20-34 | 45 | 46.84 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
≥35 | 68 | 47.49 | 1.01(0.79-1.30) | 0.97(0.74-1.27) | 1.19(0.93-1.53) |
Maternal schooling (years of study) | |||||
≥ 12 | 43 | 49.38 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
9-11 | 77 | 46.35 | 0.94(0.71-1.25) | 0.96(0,71-1.30) | 0.95(0.69-1.30) |
5 to 8 | 147 | 48.90 | 0.99(0.77-1.28) | 1.00(0.75-1.33) | 0.96(0.70-1.35) |
≤ 4 | 70 | 44.54 | 0.90(0.67-1.21) | 0.91(0.66-1.27) | 0.90(0.62-1.32) |
Maternal marital status | |||||
Married | 225 | 46.59 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Consensual union | 71 | 45.28 | 0.97(0.79-1.20) | 0.96(0.75-1.22) | 0.99(0.78-1.26) |
No companion | 54 | 51.08 | 1.10(0.87-1.38) | 1.07(0.83-1.38) | 1.04(0.81-1.33) |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy | |||||
Non-smoker | 267 | 45.38 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Smoker | 84 | 53.51 | 1.18(0.98-1.42) | 1.20(0.98-1.46) | 1.13(0.93-1.36) |
Maternal work outside the home | |||||
No | 211 | 45.90 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 141 | 48.89 | 1.06(0.90-1.26) | 1.10(0.91-1.33) | 1.05(0.87-1.27) |
Parity (number of children) | |||||
5 or more | 24 | 51.57 | 1.12(0.81-1.55) | 1.04(0.70-1.55) | 1.12(0.79-1.60) |
2 to 4 | 189 | 46.16 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
1 | 154 | 48.16 | 1.04(0.88-1.23) | 0.93(0.76-1.13) | 0.89(0.74-1.08) |
Preterm birth | |||||
No | 276 | 46.94 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 96 | 52.16 | 1.11(0.94-1.32) | 1.06(0.86-1.29) | 0.90(0.74-1.10) |
Low birth weight | |||||
No | 282 | 46.81 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 90 | 54.52 | 1.16(0.99-1.38) | 1.03(0.84-1.27) | 1.05(0.86-1.30) |
Child’ sex | |||||
Male | 176 | 44.33 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Female | 196 | 50.91 | 1.15(0.98-1.35) | 1.24(1.04-1.47) | 1.27(1.08-1.51) |
Current occupation of the family head | |||||
Non-manual | 67 | 46.15 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Skilled manual | 142 | 48.17 | 1.04(0.83-1.31) | 1.13(0.87-1.47) | |
Unskilled manual | 162 | 48.17 | 1.04(0.84-1.30) | 1.13(0.85-1.50) | |
Duration of breast-feeding (months) | |||||
< 6 | 205 | 56.33 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
6-11 | 112 | 49.79 | 0.88(0.75-1.05) | 0.91(0.76-1.09) | |
≥ 12 | 41 | 26.04 | 0.46(0.34-0.62) | 0.53(0.37-0.74) | |
Duration of bottle feeding (months) | |||||
< 12 | 44 | 23.63 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
12-23 | 44 | 34.42 | 1.46(0.99-2.14) | 1.30(0.86-1.97) | |
≥ 24 | 262 | 60.53 | 2.56(1.90-3.45) | 2.24(1.60-3.14) | |