A cross-sectional study of the environment, physical activity, and screen time among young children and their parents

Table 4 The relationship between individual- and neighborhood-level variables and screen time

	Bivariate model	Multivariate model
	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)
Child screen time†
Socio-demographic
Child age (months)	0.10 (0.08, 0.11)*	0.10 (0.08, 0.11)*
Child sex	-0.76 (-1.39, -0.13)*	-0.44 (-0.99, 0.12)
Child care status	-0.43 (-1.30, 0.43)	-
Family structure	0.22 (-0.49, 0.93)	-
Parental education	-0.80 (-1.10, -0.51)*	-0.76 (-1.03, -0.48)*
Neighborhood SES (z-score)	-0.42 (-0.73, -0.12)*	-0.39 (-0.67, -0.11)*
Functional
Walkability (z-score)	0.01 (-0.38, 0.41)	-
Safety
Road speed (%)	0.63 (-0.59, 1.86)	-
Aesthetic
Streetscape (z-score)	-0.00 (-0.32, 0.32)	-
Destination
Outdoor play/activity space (z-score)	0.04 (-0.32, 0.40)	-
Recreation facilities (N per km²)	0.02 (-0.13, 0.17)	-
Distance to closest park (km)	-0.04 (-0.09, 0.01)	-
Yard space at home (100 m²)	0.02 (-0.002, 0.03)	-
Parent screen time†
Socio-demographic
Child age (months)	0.01 (-0.01, 0.03)	-
Child sex	0.27 (-0.34, 0.91)	-
Parent sex	0.69 (-0.45, 1.83)	-
Child care status	0.66 (-0.22, 1.53)	-
Family structure	-0.02 (-0.85, 0.81)	-
Parental education	-0.30 (-0.62, 0.01)	-
Neighborhood SES (z-score)	-0.65 (-0.96, -0.34)*	-0.59 (-0.89, -0.28)*
Functional
Walkability (z-score)	0.04 (-0.02, 0.83)	-
Safety
Road speed (%)	1.27 (-0.03, 2.58)	-
Aesthetic
Streetscape (z-score)	0.05 (-0.31, 0.42)	-
Destination
Outdoor play/activity space (z-score)	0.47 (0.10, 0.85)*	0.38 (0.06, 0.70)*
Recreation facilities (N per km²)	0.14 (-0.02, 0.30)	-
Distance to closest park (km)	-0.03 (-0.08, 0.02)	-
Yard space at home (100 m²)	0.01 (-0.01, 0.03)	-

β (95% CI) = unstandardized regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals; †Square-root transformed.
Child sex: 0 = male, 1 = female; parent sex: 0 = male, 1 = female; child care status: 0 = yes, 1 = no; family structure: 0 = two-parent family, 1 = one-parent family, ST = screen time; PA = physical activity; SES = socioeconomic status. Each variable in the multivariate models are adjusted for all other variables listed in that model; * P < 0.05.

ISSN: 1471-2458