Determinants of neonatal mortality in Nigeria: evidence from the 2008 demographic and health survey

Ezeh, Osita Kingsley; Agho, Kingsley Emwinyore; Dibley, Michael John; Hall, John; Page, Andrew Nicholas

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-521

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Neonatal mortality rates (NMR) with 95% confidence interval (CI)

From: Determinants of neonatal mortality in Nigeria: evidence from the 2008 demographic and health survey

Covariates	Total live births	Neonatal deaths	NMR [95% CI]
*Community level factors*
Residence type
Urban	8070	253	31.3 (29.2- 33.4)
Rural	19077	743	38.9 (36.6- 41.3)
Geopolitical zone
North Central	3693	122	32.6 (30.6- 34.9)
North East	4452	176	39.6 (37.2- 42.0)
North West	8529	310	35.7 (33.5- 37.9)
South East	2611	107	41.5 (39.1- 43.9)
South West	3516	150	43.4 (40.9- 45.9)
South South	4345	132	30.4 (28.3- 32.5)
Household wealth index
Poor	12542	499	39.3 (36.9- 41.7)
Middle	10013	355	35.6 (33.4- 37.8)
Rich	4592	142	31.6 (29.5- 33.5)
*Individual related factors*
Mother’s religion
Traditionalist and other	464	19	42.2 (39.8- 44.6)
Islam	15018	520	34.2 (32.0- 36.4)
Catholic and other Christian	11517	451	39.7 (37.3- 42.1)
Missing	148	5
Mother’s age at first birth
Less than 20 years	15755	598	37.6 (35.3- 39.9)
20 - 29 years	10702	363	34.2 (32.0- 36.4)
30 - 49 years*	690	35	52.8 (50.1- 55.3)
Mother’s age
< 20	1471	92	65.0 (62.0- 68.0)
20-29	13096	451	34.5 (32.3- 36.7)
30-39	9797	327	33.1 (30.9- 35.3)
40-49	2783	126	44.7 (42.2- 47.2)
Mother’s literacy level
Cannot read at all	15391	616	38.1 (35.8- 40.4)
Able to read	10634	370	34.1 (31.8- 36.2)
Mother’s education
No education	12685	470	36.6 (34.3- 38.9)
Primary	6255	246	39.5 (37.1- 41.9)
Secondary or higher	8207	280	34.6 (32.4- 36.8)
Mother’s desire for pregnancy
Wanted then	23880	824	34.7 (32.5-36.9)
Wanted later	1669	59	31.2 (31.0- 35.4)
Wanted no more	1150	43	38.3 (36.0- 40.6)
missing	448	71
Mother’s body mass index (BMI)
BMI > 18.5	23508	868	37.0 (34.7- 39.3)
BMI ≤ 18.5	3062	110	35.0 (32.8- 37.2)
Missing	577	18
Mother’s working status
Not working	9389	332	35.8 (33.5- 38.0)
Working	17121	638	37.1 (34.8- 39.4)
Missing	64	2
Sex of child
Female	13342	424	31.7 (29.6- 33.8)
Male	13806	572	41.4 (39.0- 43.8)
Mother’s perceived baby size
Small or very small	3743	210	57.0 (54.2- 59.8)
Average or larger	22778	685	30.0 (27.9- 32.1)
Missing	626	102
Birth order and birth interval
First child	5331	249	47.6 (45.0- 50.2)
2 or 3 child, interval > 2	6444	160	24.3 (22.5- 26.2)
2 or 3 child, interval ≤ 2	2652	135	50.2 (47.5- 52.9)
4 or more child, interval > 2	9369	258	27.3 (25.3- 29.3)
4 or more child, interval ≤ 2	3352	194	57.6 (54.7- 60.5)
Mode of delivery
Non-caesarean	26660	951	35.8 (33.5- 38.1)
Caesarean section	452	40	89.9 (86.3- 93.5)
Missing	35	5
Baby weight at birth
Less than 2500 grammes	349	16	46.6 (44.0- 49.2)
2500 - 3500 grammes	3110	45	14.7 (13.3- 16.1)
Greater than 3500 grammes	1458	15	9.2 (8.1- 10.3)
Not weighed	18923	767	40.7 (38.3- 43.1)
Missing	3307	153
Delivery assistance
Health professional	10331	381	37.0 (34.7- 39.3)
non-Health professional	16440	555	33.8 (31.6- 36.0)
Missing	377	61
Postnatal check-up
0 - 2 days	4372	112	26.1 (24.2- 28.0)
3 - 41 days	3001	78	26.0 (24.1- 27.9)
Don’t know/missing	19774	806
Birth place of child
Health facility	9917	361	36.8 (34.5- 39.1)
Home	16962	579	34.1 (31.9- 36.3)
Missing	268	56
Antenatal care
Yes	9421	232	24.6 (22.7- 26.5)
No	6316	169	26.5 (24.6- 28.4)
Missing	11411	595

*Interval for 30–39 years and 40–49 years were merged.
NMR not calculated for missing values.

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