Table 2 Estimates of the multivariate ordered probit models for home-based trips by mode, Montreal 2008
Walking | Car | Transit | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | p-value | Coefficient | p-value | Coefficient | p-value | |
Threshold parameters | ||||||
Threshold 1 (trip = 0) | −3.5794 | 0.000 | 0.9163 | 0.000 | −0.7470 | 0.000 |
Threshold 2 (trip = 1) | −3.4745 | 0.000 | 1.0759 | 0.000 | −0.9343 | 0.000 |
Threshold 2 (trip = 2) | −2.2748 | 0.000 | 3.0781 | 0.000 | 2.7782 | 0.000 |
Personal characteristics | ||||||
Age: Younger senior | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
Age: Senior | −0.0900 | 0.007 | 0.0864 | 0.001 | −0.0611 | 0.070 |
Age: Elder senior | −0.1278 | 0.001 | 0.1375 | 0.000 | −0.2368 | 0.000 |
Gender | - | - | −0.0748 | 0.001 | 0.0975 | 0.000 |
Household: Single | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
Household: Couple | −0.0730 | 0.022 | −0.1030 | 0.000 | 0.0527 | 0.100 |
Household: Other | −0.1182 | 0.005 | −0.2213 | 0.000 | 0.2155 | 0.000 |
Occupation: Full-time | −0.3630 | 0.000 | −0.0725 | 0.009 | 0.2961 | 0.000 |
Occupation: Part-time | −0.1415 | 0.007 | - | - | 0.2341 | 0.000 |
Occupation: Retired | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
Occupation: At-home | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Income: <20 k | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
Income: 20–40 k | - | - | - | - | 0.1242 | 0.000 |
Income: 40–60 k | −0.0763 | 0.058 | 0.1444 | 0.000 | - | - |
Income: 60–80 k | - | - | 0.1729 | 0.000 | 0.0918 | 0.061 |
Income: 80–100 k | 0.1077 | 0.088 | 0.0899 | 0.051 | - | - |
Income: g100k | 0.1099 | 0.044 | 0.2007 | 0.000 | −0.1051 | 0.050 |
Income: RF/DK | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Mobility tools | ||||||
Driver licence | −0.2120 | 0.000 | 0.4791 | 0.000 | −0.3722 | 0.000 |
Vehicle own: 0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
Vehicle own: 1 | −0.3919 | 0.000 | 1.4216 | 0.000 | −1.0726 | 0.000 |
Vehicle own: 2 | −0.6307 | 0.000 | 1.6987 | 0.000 | −1.4726 | 0.000 |
Vehicle own: 3+ | −0.6145 | 0.000 | 1.6615 | 0.000 | −1.5867 | 0.000 |
Neighborhood characteristics | ||||||
Population density: Low | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
Population density: Med | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Population density: High | - | - | −0.0456 | 0.046 | - | - |
Job density: Low | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
Job density: Medium | −0.1199 | 0.000 | −0.0569 | 0.022 | 0.2988 | 0.000 |
Job density: High | −0.3352 | 0.000 | −0.5265 | 0.000 | 0.9346 | 0.000 |
Street density | 0.0039 | 0.100 | −0.0049 | 0.016 | 0.0096 | 0.004 |
Intersection den | - | - | - | - | −0.0009 | 0.009 |
BSF to DA | 0.2426 | 0.091 | −0.3610 | 0.002 | - | - |
Land use mix | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Accessibility | ||||||
Activity locations (400 m) | 0.1150 | 0.000 | −0.07574 | 0.000 | −0.1078 | 0.000 |
Nearest pharmacy | - | - | - | - | −0.0860 | 0.031 |
Nearest health facility | - | - | - | - | −0.1703 | 0.009 |
Nearest bank | −0.1425 | 0.000 | - | - | 0.0596 | 0.040 |
Nearest grocery | - | - | 0.0679 | 0.072 | - | - |
Nearest library | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Trend surface (quadratic) | ||||||
Latitude | −1.6413 | 0.000 | 0.0885 | 0.014 | .5818 | 0.000 |
Longitude | −0.6904 | 0.000 | - | - | - | - |
Latitude*Longitude | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Latitude squared | 0.2335 | 0.000 | - | - | −0.1214 | 0.000 |
Longitude squared | 0.3873 | 0.000 | −0.0318 | 0.001 | - | - |
Distance to CBD (km) | −1.1640 | 0.000 | 0.1558 | 0.000 | - | - |
Summary statistics | ||||||
Number of observations = 13,127 | LL (Null model) = −26223.78 | LL (Full model) = −22408.69 | ||||
Correlation | walking and car = −0.474 | walking and transit = −0.231 | car and transit = −0.656 | |||
McFadden's adjusted-ρ 2 = 0.1484 | Likelihood ratio = 7630.18 | |||||