Meeting physical activity guidelines is associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular disease in black South African women; a 5.5-year follow-up study

Table 3 Differences in baseline cardio-metabolic outcomes between the physical activity groups

	n	Active	n	Inactive	Optimal range	p values
Resting blood pressure						Age-adjusted	Age-& weight-adjusted
SBP (mmHg)	141	109.6 ± 16.6	90	111.3 ± 14.0	100 - 140	0.682	0.389
DBP (mmHg)	141	74.0 ± 11.9	90	76.0 ± 9.9	70 - 90	0.797	0.275
*Lipid profile*
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	135	3.9 ± 0.8	86	4.1 ± 0.9	3.1 - 5.2	0.711	0.240
LDL-C (mmol/L)	135	2.2 ± 0.7	86	2.3 ± 0.8	1.0 - 3.0	0.307	0.373
HDL-C (mmol/L)	135	1.3 ± 0.4	86	1.2 ± 0.4	1.2 - 1.7	*0.041*	0.409
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	135	0.7 ± 0.3	86	0.8 ± 0.4	0.5 - 2.0	0.229	0.925
TC/HDL-C	135	3.5 ± 3.8	86	3.7 ± 3.7	-	0.870	0.815
*Insulin sensitivity*
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)	136	4.5 ± 0.4	85	4.4 ± 0.5	3.1 - 5.5	0.673	0.626
Fasting serum insulin (mU/L)	138	10.1 ± 6.8	89	12.4 ± 8.7	-	*0.010*	0.353
HOMA-IR	129	2.1 ± 1.4	84	2.6 ± 2.0	-	*0.010*	0.332

Values are unadjusted mean ± standard deviation. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC/HDL-C, total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio; HOMA-IR, homeostasis assessment model of insulin resistance [32]. Normal range values highlighted according to the WHO/International Society for Hypertension (ISH) statement for the management of hypertension [33] and Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria (2001) [34].

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