The effects of mid-life socioeconomic disadvantage and perceived social support on trajectories of subsequent depressive symptoms among older Taiwanese women

Table 2 Maximum likelihood estimates from the growth curve models with random intercept and slope of depressive symptomatology in TLSA

	Negative affect		Lack of positive affect
	Est. (β)	S.E.	Est. (β)	S.E.
*Mid-life socioeconomics*
Education attainment (ref = No formal education)
Formal education
1-6 years	−1.21***	0.38	−0.36^§	0.19
7-9 years	0.47	0.64	0.18	0.32
10 years and above	−2.22***	0.68	−0.50	0.34
1-6 years*mean growth (β₁)	0.04	0.03	−0.002	0.01
7-9 years*mean growth (β₁)	−0.03	0.05	−0.05*	0.02
10 years + *mean growth (β₁)	0.09^§	0.06	−0.02	0.02
Adulthood major occupation (ref = Blue collar)
Higher white collar	0.21	0.38	0.14	0.15
Medium-level	0.10	0.36	0.06	0.15
Adulthood unemployed	−0.27	0.26	−0.004	0.01
Employment status (ref = Housekeeper)
Full-time job	−0.001	0.27	0.06	0.11
No full-time job	0.70**	0.25	0.01	0.10
Economic strain	1.98***	0.42	0.89^***	0.21
Economic strain*mean growth (β₁)	0.002	0.03	−0.005	0.01
*Life related buffer and stressor*
Positive perception of social support
Listening	0.07	0.45	−0.04	0.22
Caring	−1.74**	0.59	−0.67*	0.29
Sick care	−0.94^§	0.51	−0.63*	0.25
Listening*mean growth (β₁)	−0.03	0.03	−0.01	0.02
Caring*mean growth (β₁)	0.10*	0.04	0.02	0.02
Sick care*mean growth (β₁)	−0.02	0.04	0.02	0.02
Symptom level, intercept (β₀)	5.07***	0.61	3.07***	0.30
Mean growth rate, linear (β₁)	0.01	0.04	−0.03	0.02
*Random effects*
Variance in random intercept	3.15***	1.47	0.93***	0.32
Variance in random linear slope	0.01	0.01	0.001	0.002
Variance in residuals	13.53***	0.43	3.71***	0.11

ISSN: 1471-2458