|  | Men | Women |
---|
Time (year) | Â | 1989 | 1999 | 2009 | 1989 | 1999 | 2009 |
---|
Ricec
| (g/ 4,186 kJ/day) | 0.0 | -4.7 | 2.1 | 0.0 | -9.9 | -7.2 |
Wheat | (g/ 4,186 kJ/day) | 0.0 | -9.9 | 0.6 | 0.0 | -1.1 | 9.5 |
Potatoes | (g/ 4,186 kJ/day) | 0.0 | 12.7 | 9.1 | 0.0 | 8.0 | 1.2 |
Green yellow vegetables | (g/ 4,186 kJ/day) | 0.0 | 15.0 | 12.4 | 0.0 | 3.3 | 6.4 |
Other vegetables | (g/ 4,186 kJ/day) | 0.0 | 19.7 | 13.8 | 0.0 | -1.3 | -8.3 |
Fruits | (g/ 4,186 kJ/day) | 0.0 | 4.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -15.5 | -20.8 |
Milk, Dairy products | (g/ 4,186 kJ/day) | 0.0 | -10.5 | -16.2 | 0.0 | -1.3 | -8.3 |
Meat | (g/ 4,186 kJ/day) | 0.0 | 9.4 | 17.6 | 0.0 | 7.4 | 14.0 |
Fish | (g/ 4,186 kJ/day) | 0.0 | 8.2 | -3.7 | 0.0 | 5.1 | -5.9 |
Egg | (g/ 4,186 kJ/day) | 0.0 | 0.9 | -1.7 | 0.0 | -1.6 | -2.9 |
Beans | (g/ 4,186 kJ/day) | 0.0 | 2.5 | -6.2 | 0.0 | 4.3 | -2.5 |
Confectionery | (g/ 4,186 kJ/day) | 0.0 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 3.2 |
Sugar | (g/ 4,186 kJ/day) | 0.0 | -0.3 | -1.8 | 0.0 | -1.1 | -2.5 |
Fats and Oils | (g/ 4,186 kJ/day) | 0.0 | -1.2 | -3.6 | 0.0 | -0.7 | -3.6 |
- Difference by time in food intakes according to gender are shown using National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan, 1989, 1999 and 2009.
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aMinus symbol "-" means negative values. Positive values indicate greater consumption in the particular period compared to 1989 in all age groups.
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bA statistical model symbolically represented by: Rij = ai + tj + c(k) [23] where Rij (food intake) is modeled by the sum of the effects of the ith age group (i = 1 to 5, representing age groups from 20-29 to 60-69) represented by ai, the effects of the jth time period (1989 or 1999 or 2009 survey) represented by tj, and the effects of the kth cohort (birth at 1930-1939, 1940-1949, 1950-1959, 1960-1969, 1970-1979) represented by c(k). A c(k) value greater than zero indicates higher than additive influence and less than zero indicates lower than additive influence from age/time effects on food intake.
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c Rice intake presented for 2009 was calculated as the half of that reported in 2009 NHNS-J.