The health-related quality of life among pre-diabetics and its association with body mass index and physical activity in a semi-urban community in Malaysia- a cross sectional study

Table 3 Bivariate Spearman’s correlations between HRQOL, socio-demographic and health characteristics

Variables	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1. Age	1.000
2. Gender	−0.123^*	1.000
3. Income	−0.193^**	−0.211^**	1.000
4. Smoking	−0.012	−0.513^**	0.178^**	1.000
5. No of co-morbidities	0.181^**	−0.066	0.009	0.044	1.000
6. BMI	−0.269^**	0.179^**	0.003	−0.055	0.036	1.000
7. PA	0.201^**	0.034	−0.100	−0.080	0.021	−0.283^**	1.000
8. PCS	0.028	−0.107	0.170^**	0.079	0.031	−0.374^**	0.123^*	1.000
9. MCS	0.051	−0.024	0.148^*	−0.006	0.055	−0.081	0.001	0.545^**	1.000

Notes: significance correlation at *p < 0.05 level and **p < 0.01 level (2-tailed).
PA: Physical activity in total MET-minutes/week, BMI: Body mass index in kg/m², No of co-morbidities range from 0 (i.e., no reported co-morbidities) to 3 (i.e., all 3 co-morbidities were present), PCS: Physical Component Summary scores, MCS: Mental Component Summary scores.

ISSN: 1471-2458