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Table 3 Association between minimum percentage green space thresholds and neighbourhood socioeconomic circumstances, adjusting for city and population density: binary logit regression with robust standard errors

From: Do low-income neighbourhoods have the least green space? A cross-sectional study of Australia’s most populous cities

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

 

Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)

% green space cut-point for the outcome variable

≥10%

≥20%

≥40%

City (ref: Sydney)

   

  Melbourne

0.48 (0.39, 0.59)***

0.49 (0.39, 0.62)***

0.45 (0.30, 0.67)***

  Brisbane

0.75 (0.60, 0.94)*

0.68 (0.53, 0.87)**

0.47 (0.29, 0.74)***

  Perth

0.96 (0.75, 1.24)

0.95 (0.74, 1.22)

0.72 (0.47, 1.09)

  Adelaide

0.53 (0.40, 0.72)***

0.61 (0.44, 0.84)**

0.58 (0.32, 1.06)

Population density (logged)

0.82 (0.77, 0.87)***

0.74 (0.70, 0.78)***

0.61 (0.57, 0.65)***

Percentage low income householdsa (ref: 0%)

   

  1 – 4%

1.04 (0.92, 1.17)

1.00 (0.88, 1.13)

0.85 (0.69, 1.06)

  5 – 9%

0.85 (0.74, 0.97)*

0.76 (0.66, 0.88)***

0.64 (0.50, 0.81)***

  10 – 19%

0.73 (0.62, 0.85)***

0.61 (0.51, 0.73)***

0.35 (0.26, 0.47)***

  20%+

0.77 (0.63, 0.93)**

0.63 (0.51, 0.79)***

0.30 (0.20, 0.44)***

  1. alow income household is defined as having a household income < $21,000 in the 2011 Australian census.
  2. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05.