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Table 4 Risk factors for incomplete vaccination schedules by coverage level: 10 departments of Guatemala, May 2011

From: From the parents’ perspective: a user-satisfaction survey of immunization services in Guatemala

Characteristic

Low-coverage departments (n = 868)

High-coverage departments (n = 725)

 

Immunization schedule

Univariate risk factor analysisa

Immunization schedule

Univariate risk factor analysis

 

Incomplete (n = 256) no. (%)

Complete (n = 612) no. (%)

Prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval)

P

Incomplete (n = 231) no. (%)

Complete (n = 494) no. (%)

Prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval)

P

Age of caregiver

        

  15-19

19 (31.7)

41 (68.3)

1.11 (0.74, 1.65)

0.62

14 (26.4)

39 (73.6)

0.87 (0.54, 1.39)

0.55

  20-24

54 (25.8)

155 (74.2)

0.90 (0.69, 1.18)

0.46

64 (32.5)

133 (67.5)

1.06 (0.83, 1.37)

0.63

  25-39

134 (28.6)

334 (71.4)

Reference

 

120 (30.5)

273 (69.5)

Reference

 

  >39

49 (37.4)

82 (62.6)

1.31 (1.00, 1.70)

0.047

33 (40.2)

49 (59.8)

1.32 (0.97, 1.78)

0.07

Education

        

  None

52 (34.4)

99 (65.6)

1.49 (1.10, 2.00)

0.010

47 (43.2)

62 (56.8)

1.72 (1.26, 2.34)

0.0007

  Primary or less

134 (32.3)

281 (67.7)

1.39 (1.09, 1.79)

0.009

127 (32.6)

262 (67.4)

1.30 (1.00, 1.70)

0.05

  More than primary

70 (23.1)

232 (76.8)

Reference

 

57 (25.1)

170 (74.9)

Reference

 

Occupation

        

  Other

35 (25.9)

100 (74.1)

0.86 (0.63, 1.17)

0.33

31 (32.3)

65 (67.7)

1.02 (0.74, 1.39)

0.92

  Housewife

221 (30.2)

512 (69.8)

Reference

 

200 (31.8)

429 (68.2)

Reference

 

Marital status b

        

  Singlec

54 (36.8)

91 (63.2)

1.32 (1.02, 1.71)

0.0347

42 (39.6)

64 (60.4)

1.36 (1.03, 1.80)

0.03

  Married

124 (28.2)

316 (71.8)

Reference

 

113 (29.1)

275 (70.9)

Reference

 

  Civil union

77 (27.6)

202 (72.4)

0.98 (0.77, 1.25)

0.86

75 (32.9)

153 (67.1)

1.13 (0.89, 1.44)

0.32

No. of children 0-5 d

        

  1st child

191 (30.2)

441 (69.8)

Reference

 

195 (34.7)

367 (65.3)

Reference

 

  2nd child

48 (26.5)

133 (73.5)

0.88 (0.67, 1.15)

0.34

29 (20.7)

111 (79.3)

0.60 (0.42, 0.84)

0.0032

  3rd child or more

17 (30.9)

38 (69.1)

1.02 (0.68, 1.55)

0.91

7 (30.4)

16 (69.6)

0.88 (0.47, 1.64)

0.68

Age of children

        

  0-1

17 (13.4)

110 (86.6)

Reference

 

20 (16.8)

99 (83.2)

Reference

 

  1

18 (11.7)

136 (88.3)

0.87 (0.47, 1.62)

0.67

16 (11.2)

127 (88.8)

0.67 (0.36, 1.23)

0.19

  2

71 (47.3)

79 (52.7)

3.54 (2.20, 5.68)

<0.0001

48 (38.1)

78 (61.9)

2.27 (1.43, 3.58)

0.0005

  3

42 (25.1)

125 (74.9)

1.88 (1.12, 3.14)

0.016

39 (36.1)

69 (63.9)

2.15 (1.34, 3.44)

0.0015

  4

72 (50.7)

70 (49.3)

3.79 (2.36, 6.07)

<0.0001

80 (55.2)

65 (44.8)

3.28 (2.14, 5.03)

<0.0001

  5

36 (28.1)

92 (71.9)

2.10 (1.25, 3.54)

0.0053

28 (33.3)

56 (66.7)

1.98 (1.20, 3.27)

0.0074

  1. aA univariate risk factor analysis was performed to determine factors associated with undervaccination in high- and low-coverage areas using Confidence Intervals of 95%. Groups with incomplete schedules were placed in the “positive outcome” column, while those with complete schedules were placed in the “negative outcome” column. Statistically significant values (p < 0.05) are bolded.
  2. bUnder this category, seven cases marked as “other” were excluded.
  3. cThe category “single” includes participants who indicated being single, divorced, or widowed.
  4. dParticipants were asked if they had multiple children aged 0–5 years. Categories correspond to the birth order of only those children aged 0–5 years.
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