From: Ethnic disparities in acquiring 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza: a case–control study
Adults | Children | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
Ethnicity* | White | ref | ref | |
East/Southeast Asian | 1.33 (0.69-2.56) | 2.39 (1.14-5.01) | ||
South Asian | 3.07 (1.42-6.63) | 1.72 (0.86-3.45) | ||
Black | 4.50 (1.57-12.87) | 4.38 (1.62-11.84) | ||
Other | 1.21 (0.59-2.46) | 2.84 (1.33-6.08) | ||
Age | 18-34 | ref | <5 | 0.45 (0.26-0.79) |
35-49 | 0.83 (0.52-1.34) | 5-11 | 1.39 (0.79-2.43) | |
50-64 | 0.71 (0.42-1.20) | 12-17 | ref | |
65+ | 0.64 (0.29-1.39) | |||
Gender (Female) | 0.93 (0.62-1.39) | 0.90 (0.55-1.47) | ||
BMI class | II (18.5 ≤ BMI <25) | ref | ref | |
III (25 ≤ BMI < 30) | 1.23 (0.77-1.96) | 1.48 (0.61-3.60) | ||
IV (BMI ≥ 30) | 1.31 (0.76-2.26) | |||
Current smoker | 0.68 (0.43-1.07) | 0.96 (0.91-1.02) | ||
Number of visits to family doctor in the past year | Low (<=1) | 0.90 (0.53-1.54) | 1.49 (0.83-2.69) | |
Moderate (2–6) | ref | ref | ||
High (>6) | 1.81 (1.07-3.07) | 1.07 (0.61-1.90) | ||
Underlying medical conditions † | 1.51 (0.93-2.44) | 0.81 (0.44-1.48) | ||
Material deprivation ‡ | 1 (low) | ref | ref | |
2 | 1.76 (0.96-3.19) | 1.07 (0.54-2.10) | ||
3 | 1.49 (0.78-2.85) | 1.11 (0.55-2.22) | ||
4 | 2.11 (1.08-4.11) | 1.55 (0.76-3.17) | ||
5 (high) | 1.23 (0.65-2.31) | 1.22 (0.58-2.56) | ||
Social deprivation ‡ | 1 (low) | ref | ref | |
2 | 1.23 (0.65-2.34) | 1.18 (0.63-2.23) | ||
3 | 0.87 (0.46-1.63) | 1.09 (0.56-2.13) | ||
4 | 0.82 (0.45-1.52) | 1.12 (0.57-2.20) | ||
5 (high) | 0.76 (0.39-1.46) | 1.21 (0.56-2.61) | ||
Total deprivation category ‡ | 1 (low) | ref | ref | |
2 | 0.78 (0.46-1.33) | 1.30 (0.76-2.23) | ||
3 (high) | 0.91 (0.44-1.87) | 2.04 (0.88-4.75) | ||
Individuals living in a neighbourhood with low employment rate § | 0.84 (0.52-1.36) | 1.37 (0.73-2.60) | ||
Individuals residing in a neighbourhood with a high proportion of low income § | 1.05 (0.67-1.66) | 2.60 (1.36-4.96) | ||
High school or less education | 0.85 (0.48-1.50) | 1.09 (0.58-2.06) | ||
Post-secondary school completion | 0.82 (0.54-1.24) | 1.21 (0.74-1.98) | ||
Household density ǁ | 1.26 (0.84-1.87) | 1.81 (0.95-3.44) | ||
Children in household | 1.70 (1.13-2.53) | 1 | ref | |
2 | 1.02 (0.59-1.75) | |||
>3 | 1.14 (0.46-2.87) | |||
Receipt of 2008 seasonal vaccine | 1.25 (0.84-1.88) | 1.96 (1.16-3.31) | ||
Tested prior to June 11th, 2009 | 0.12 (0.07-0.21) | N/A | ||
Healthcare provider ¶ | 1.51 (0.83-2.77) | N/A | ||
Toronto | 0.47 (0.30-0.74) | 1.07 (0.62-1.83) | ||
Immigrant category | ||||
Non-Immigrant | ref | ref | ||
Immigrant | N/A | 2.52 (1.02-6.25) | ||
Immigrant, Settled for 0–5 years | 2.40 (1.01-5.68) | N/A | ||
Immigrant, Settled for >5 | 1.16 (0.75-1.80) | N/A |