Table 2 Differences in economic outcomes between symptomatic or diagnosed angina-affected households and control households in South Asia, 2002-2003
From: The economic burden of angina on households in South Asia
Economic outcome indicators | Bangladesh | India | Nepal | Sri Lanka | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treated | Controls-matched | p-value | Treated | Controls-matched | p-value | Treated | Controls-matched | p-value | Treated | Controls-matched | p-value | |
Per person OOP health spending in last four weeks (I$) | 8.80 (7.39, 10.21) | 6.86 (5.76, 7.96) | 0.04* | 8.25 (6.94, 9.56) | 6.80 (5.00, 8.60) | 0.25 | 9.65 (5.79, 13.51) | 4.97 (3.59, 6.35) | 0.03* | 4.22 (3.16, 5.28) | 2.23 (1.42, 3.04) | <0.01* |
Per person expenditure on medicine in last four weeks (I$) | 5.40 (4.77, 6.03) | 4.60 (3.80, 5.40) | 0.16 | 4.31 (3.30, 5.32) | 3.45 (2.40, 4.50) | 0.30 | 6.71 (4.16, 9.26) | 3.27 (2.57, 3.97) | 0.01* | 1.94 (1.46, 2.42) | 1.00 (0.68, 1.32) | <0.01* |
Per person hospitalization expenses in last four weeks (I$) | 0.96 (-0.01, 1.93) | 0.24 (0.04, 0.44) | 0.16 | 1.44 (0.87, 2.01) | 1.66 (0.35, 2.97) | 0.80 | 1.16 (0.15, 2.17) | 0.46 (-0.01, 0.93) | 0.22 | 0.92 (0.22, 1.62) | 0.18 (-0.04, 0.40) | 0.05* |
Borrowing or selling assets to finance health expenditure in last one year (%) | 46.06 (42.46, 49.66) | 40.08 (36.23, 43.93) | 0.03* | 51.79 (48.86, 54.72) | 43.56 (40.27, 46.85) | <0.01* | 57.62 (53.66, 61.58) | 53.60 (49.41, 57.79) | 0.18 | 21.25 (16.77, 25.73) | 13.44 (9.36, 17.52) | 0.01* |
OOP health spending share of total household expenditure at 20% cut-off | 28.40 (25.14, 31.66) | 24.59 (21.21, 27.97) | 0.13 | 28.26 (25.62, 30.9) | 18.69 (16.10, 21.28) | <0.01* | 18.26 (15.16, 21.36) | 13.40 (10.53, 16.27) | 0.02* | 13.44 (9.70, 17.18) | 4.37 (1.92, 6.82) | <0.01* |
OOP health spending share of household’s ‘capacity to pay’ at 40% cut-off | 39.40 (35.87, 42.93) | 35.87 (32.11, 39.63) | 0.20 | 33.00 (30.24, 35.76) | 26.30 (23.38, 29.22) | <0.01* | 21.27 (17.99, 24.55) | 16.75 (13.61, 19.89) | 0.05* | 21.87 (17.34, 26.40) | 11.87 (8.00, 15.74) | <0.01* |
Ratio of OOP health spending and total household expenditure (%) | 15.73 (13.10, 18.36) | 13.75 (11.05, 16.45) | 0.02* | 15.10 (13.00, 17.20) | 11.52 (9.40, 13.64) | <0.01* | 9.86 (7.47, 12.25) | 7.61 (5.38, 9.84) | 0.01* | 7.91 (4.95, 10.87) | 4.49 (2.01, 6.97) | <0.01* |
Ratio of OOP medicine expenses and total household expenditure (%) | 11.28 (8.99, 13.57) | 10.07 (7.71, 12.43) | 0.05* | 8.62 (6.97, 10.27) | 6.89 (5.21, 8.57) | <0.01* | 7.97 (5.80, 10.14) | 5.84 (3.87, 7.81) | <0.01* | 3.96 (1.82, 6.10) | 2.19 (0.44, 3.94) | <0.01* |
Impoverishment due to OOP health payments (%) | 12.63 (10.23, 15.03) | 11.82 (9.29, 14.35) | 0.66 | 10.20 (8.43, 11.97) | 8.32 (6.49, 10.15) | 0.18 | 8.37 (6.15, 10.59) | 6.20 (4.17, 8.23) | 0.16 | 5.31 (2.85, 7.77) | 1.87 (0.25, 3.49) | 0.03* |
Employment status of angina-affected individual (%) | 40.76 (37.21, 44.31) | 38.45 (34.63, 42.27) | 0.41 | 55.10 (52.18, 58.02) | 56.08 (52.79, 59.37) | 0.68 | 67.50 (63.74, 71.26) | 70.52 (66.68, 74.36) | 0.28 | 39.69 (34.33, 45.05) | 40.62 (34.74, 46.5) | 0.83 |
Unemployed due to illness (%) | 2.72 (1.54, 3.90) | 0.27 (-0.14, 0.68) | <0.01* | 5.81 (4.44, 7.18) | 4.29 (2.95, 5.63) | 0.14 | 4.86 (3.14, 6.58) | 2.85 (1.45, 4.25) | 0.07 | 8.12 (5.13, 11.11) | 3.44 (1.26, 5.62) | 0.02* |
Per person non-medical consumption expenditure in last four weeks (I$) | 46.78 (36.51, 57.05) | 39.81 (33.24, 46.38) | 0.25 | 34.02 (30.95, 37.09) | 37.30 (29.12, 45.48) | 0.42 | 47.65 (43.69, 51.61) | 42.41 (39.60, 45.22) | 0.04* | 37.72 (35.46, 39.98) | 40.60 (37.43, 43.77) | 0.18 |
Sample | 736 | 624 | - | 1118 | 872 | - | 597 | 543 | - | 320 | 268 | - |