Sickness absence and disability pension due to otoaudiological diagnoses: risk of premature death – a nationwide prospective cohort study

Table 2 Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality among individuals with prevalent sickness absence or disability pension due to an otoaudiological diagnosis in 2005

Variable	Number of deaths	Crude HR (95% CI)	Age- and sex- adjusted HR (95% CI)^a	Multivariable HR (95% CI)^b	Multivariable HR including hospitalization (95% CI)^c
No sick-leave or disability pension	30 066	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (ref)
Sick leave
With non-otoaudiological diagnoses	16 443	2.15 (2.11-2.19)	2.06 (2.02-2.10)	2.06 (2.02-2.10)	1.53 (1.50-1.56)
With otoaudiological diagnoses	67	0.99 (0.77-1.26)	0.85 (0.66-1.08)	0.90 (0.70-1.14)	0.75 (0.59-0.95)
Otological^d	16	1.03 (0.63-1.69)	0.97 (0.60-1.59)	0.99 (0.61-1.62)	0.73 (0.45-1.19)
Hearing^e	19	1.13 (0.72-1.80)	0.97 (0.61-1.54)	1.06 (0.67-1.67)	1.00 (0.63-1.58)
Vertigo^f	20	1.01 (0.65-1.58)	0.87 (0.56-1.35)	0.90 (0.58-1.41)	0.68 (0.44-1.06)
Tinnitus^g	13	0.88 (0.51-1.58)	0.70 (0.41-1.22)	0.74 (0.43-1.29)	0.71 (0.41-1.23)
Disability pension
Non-otoaudiological diagnoses	27 204	6.44 (6.34-6.54)	3.94 (3.88-4.00)	3.46 (3.41-3.52)	2.45 (2.41-2.49)
Otoaudiological diagnoses	272	2.17 (1.93-2.46)	1.28 (1.13-1.45)	1.30 (1.15-1.47)	1.14 (1.01-1.29)
Otological^d	25	2.40 (1.61-3.58)	1.89 (1.27-2.81)	1.80 (1.20-2.69)	1.56 (1.04-2.33)
Hearing^e	139	1.75 (1.45-2.11)	1.29 (1.07-1.54)	1.31 (1.10-1.57)	1.20 (1.00-1.43)
Vertigo^f	48	2.08 (1.56-2.78)	1.33 (1.00-1.77)	1.28 (0.96-1.70)	1.05 (0.79-1.43)
Tinnitus^g	102	1.46 (1.18-1.80)	0.91 (0.74-1.12)	0.95 (0.77-1.16)	0.89 (0.73-1.10)

Note: A number of individuals were included in more than one category.
^aAge (20–34, 35–44, 45–54, 55–64); sex (female, male).
^bAdditional adjustments: family situation (married/cohabitant, married/cohabitant with children, single, single with child, child living with parent); type of living area (larger cities, medium-sized cities, smaller places); country of birth (Sweden, Nordic countries, Europe, other part of the world); education (0–9, 10-12, >12 years), including 5 196 998 observations due to missing data on education and/or family situation.
^cAdditional adjustment; hospitalization days (total days 2000–2005: 0, 1–4, >4), including 5 196 998 observations due to missing data on education and/or family situation.
^dICD10H60-H75, H80, H92, H94, H95.
^eH83, H90, H91.
^fH81, H82.
^gH93.

ISSN: 1471-2458