Table 3 Baseline characteristics, by gender
From: Individual social capital and survival: a population study with 5-year follow-up
Variable | Women n (%) | Men n (%) | p-value1 |
|---|---|---|---|
Deceased | 126 (2.5) | 195 (4.5) | < 0.001 |
Social capital | 0.04 {−0.29 , 0.40}2 | 0.00 {−0.36 , 0.33}2 | < 0.001 |
Trust | 0.08 {0.08 , 0.08}2 | 0.08 {0.08 , 0.08}2 | 0.68 |
Expectations of Reciprocity | 0.12 {−0.67 , 0.91}2 | 0.12 {−0.67 , 0.12}2 | < 0.001 |
Social networks | −0.17 {−0.90 , 0.56}2 | −0.17 {−0.90 , 0.56}2 | 0.02 |
Civic engagement | 0.04 {−0.39 , 0.48}2 | 0.04 {−0.39 , 0.48}2 | 0.00 |
Age | |||
16-45 | 1989 (40.0) | 1449 (33.6) | |
45-59 | 1577 (31.7) | 1384 (32.1) | |
60-70 | 1012 (20.4) | 988 (22.9) | |
>70 | 393 (7.9) | 496 (11.5) | < 0.001 |
Co-morbidity | |||
No diseases | 4898 (98.5) | 4215 (97.6) | |
One | 32 (0.6) | 61 (1.4) | |
Two | 25 (0.5) | 29 (0.7) | |
Three or more | 16 (0.3) | 12 (0.3) | 0.00 |
Self-rated health | |||
Very good | 874 (17.6) | 717 (16.6) | |
Good | 2678 (53.9) | 2362 (54.7) | |
Neither good nor poor | 1106 (22.2) | 1005 (23.3) | |
Poor | 223 (4.5) | 160 (3.7) | |
Very poor | 55 (1.1) | 40 (0.9) | |
Don’t know | 35 (0.7) | 33 (0.8) | 0.23 |
Tertiery education in years | 3 {1 , 4}2 | 4 {1 , 5}2 | 0.61 |
Household income | |||
Very low income | 962 (19.4) | 788 (18.3) | |
Low income | 1122 (22.6) | 1012 (23.4) | |
Average income | 765 (15.4) | 693 (16.1) | |
Above-average income | 960 (19.3) | 783 (18.1) | |
High income | 872 (17.5) | 780 (18.1) | |
Very high income | 290 (5.8) | 261 (6.0) | 0.4 |
Smoking | |||
At least once a week | 1136 (22.9) | 1073 (24.9) | |
Rarely | 127 (2.6) | 115 (2.7) | |
Has stopped | 1156 (23.3) | 1246 (28.9) | |
Never smoked | 2520 (50.7) | 1862 (43.1) | |
Don’t know | 32 (0.6) | 21 (0.5) | < 0.05 |
Living arrangement | |||
Live with partner | 1044 (21.0) | 826 (19.1) | |
Live alone | 3927 (79.0) | 3491 (80.9) | 0.03 |
Drinking (≥5 units of alcohol in last month) | |||
Never | 3046 (61.3) | 1736 (40.2) | |
Once | 1196 (24.1) | 1276 (29.6) | |
About 2–3 times | 535 (10.8) | 810 (18.8) | |
About 4 times or more | 143 (2.9) | 436 (10.1) | |
Don’t know | 51 (1.0) | 59 (1.4) | < 0.05 |
BMI | |||
Underweight (<19) | 222 (4.5) | 46 (1.1) | |
Normal (19 > BMI < 25) | 2714 (54.6) | 1635 (37.9) | |
Overweight (25 < BMI < 30) | 1420 (28.6) | 2025 (46.9) | |
Obese (>30) | 615 (12.4) | 611 (14.2) | < 0.05 |