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Table 8 Logistic regression model exploring significant correlates for respondents spending over 10% of income on health

From: Out-of-pocket expenditure by Australian seniors with chronic disease: the effect of specific diseases and morbidity clusters

Variable

Logistic model B1

Logistic model B2

Logistic model B3

Logistic model B4

Logistic model B5

OR

p

95% CI

OR

p

95% CI

OR

p

95% CI

OR

p

95% CI

OR

p

95% CI

Number of chronic diseases

1.36

<0.01

1.24-1.49

            

Specific chronic conditions

               

Cancer

   

1.38

0.04

1.02-1.87

         

Heart

   

1.27

0.17

0.91-1.79

         

HBP

   

1.09

0.50

0.84-1.42

         

Stroke

   

0.95

0.88

0.47-1.91

         

Diabetes

   

1.79

<0.01

1.25-2.57

         

Asthma

   

1.32

0.10

0.95-1.85

         

Bronchitis

   

1.59

0.11

0.90-2.81

         

Arthritis

   

1.19

0.23

0.90-1.58

         

Osteoporosis

   

1.13

0.58

0.73-1.77

         

Depression

   

1.33

0.12

0.93-1.89

         

Multiple morbidity a

               

No disease

      

0.81

0.54

0.41-1.60

      

Arthritis only

      

1.40

0.43

0.60-3.28

      

All others with one disease

      

1.51

0.21

0.79-2.87

      

HBP and arthritis

      

1.51

0.37

0.62-3.67

      

HBP and diabetes

      

2.31

0.10

0.86-6.17

      

HBP and heart disease

      

0.41

0.40

0.05-3.27

      

Arthritis and asthma

      

b

b

b

      

All others with two diseases

      

1.87

0.04

1.02-3.42

      

HBP, arthritis and cancer

      

1.11

0.90

0.23-5.33

      

HBP, arthritis and diabetes

      

4.98

0.01

1.51-16.41

      

All others with three diseases

      

1.87

0.05

1.00-3.51

      

All with four diseases

      

2.71

<0.01

1.40-5.23

      

All with more than four diseases

      

5.08

<0.01

2.61-9.90

      

Natural clusters

               

People with none of these conditions

         

1.00

-

-

   

Group 1 (asthma-bronchitis-arthritis-osteoporosis-depression)

         

1.59

0.05

1.01-2.53

   

Group 2 (HBP-Diabetes)

         

1.66

0.02

1.07-2.58

   

Group 3 (heart-stroke)

         

1.74

0.03

1.05-2.88

   

Group 4 (cancer)

         

1.82

0.02

1.12-2.94

   

Clinically suggested clusters

               

Asthma and bronchitis

            

1.41

0.03

1.03-1.92

Arthritis and osteoporosis

            

1.16

0.29

0.88-1.54

Depression

            

1.33

0.12

0.93-1.89

Heart, HBP, stroke and diabetes

            

1.33

0.04

1.02-1.73

Cancer

            

1.37

0.04

1.02-1.86

Number of other chronic diseases

   

1.65

<0.01

1.38-1.98

   

1.60

<0.01

1.34-1.92

1.73

0.00

1.33-2.26

Age groups

               

75+

1.00

-

-

1.00

-

-

1.00

-

-

1.00

-

-

1.00

-

-

50-64 years

1.07

0.71

0.74-1.54

0.97

0.86

0.66-1.42

1.04

0.83

0.72-1.51

0.98

0.90

0.67-1.41

0.96

0.84

0.66-1.40

65-74 years

1.29

0.11

0.94-1.78

1.23

0.22

0.89-1.70

1.31

0.10

0.95-1.80

1.23

0.20

0.89-1.69

1.22

0.23

0.88-1.67

Male

1.77

<0.01

1.36-2.29

1.70

<0.01

1.29-2.23

1.71

<0.01

1.32-2.22

1.65

<0.01

1.27-2.15

1.73

<0.01

1.33-2.26

SF-12 physical health score

0.97

<0.01

0.95-0.99

0.97

<0.01

0.95-0.99

0.97

<0.01

0.95-0.99

0.96

<0.01

0.94-0.98

0.97

<0.01

0.95-0.98

SF-12 mental health score

0.97

0.01

0.95-0.99

0.97

0.01

0.95-0.99

0.97

0.01

0.95-0.99

0.96

<0.01

0.94-0.99

0.97

0.01

0.95-0.99

Region

               

Remote

1.00

-

-

1.00

-

-

1.00

-

-

1.00

-

-

1.00

-

-

Cities

2.87

0.09

0.84-9.82

2.92

0.09

0.84-10.19

3.00

0.08

0.87-10.39

2.80

0.10

0.82-9.49

2.79

0.10

0.82-9.51

Regional

2.68

0.12

0.78-9.19

2.75

0.11

0.78-9.62

2.75

0.11

0.79-9.56

2.58

0.13

0.76-8.81

2.58

0.13

0.75-8.85

 

n = 2227; Pseudo R2 = 0.08

n = 2227; Pseudo R2 = 0.09

n = 2203; Pseudo R2 = 0.08

n = 2227; Pseudo R2 = 0.07

n = 2227; Pseudo R2 = 0.08

AIC = 1657; BIC = 1709

AIC = 1665; BIC = 1773

AIC = 1662; BIC = 1776

AIC = 1674; BIC = 1748

AIC = 1665; BIC = 1745

  1. aReference group is the participants with only HBP; b: Not calculated due to zero cell value.
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BMC Public Health

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