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Table 4 Prevalence of serum 25(OH)D levels < 50 and <75 nmol/l, and adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) in males

From: Vitamin D levels in an Australian population

 

<50 nmol/l

<75 nmol/l

Variables

n

Prevalence

Odds ratio †

n

Prevalence

Odds ratio †

Overall

215

18.5

 

692

59.5

 

Age (years)

      

24-34 years

54

21.4

1.00

147

58.5

1.00

35-44 years

41

16.0

0.73 (0.32-1.68)

157

61.8

1.20 (0.59-2.47)

45-54 years

45

18.8

0.75 (0.34-1.64)

155

64.5

1.27 (0.62-2.59)

55-64 years

33

17.6

0.58 (0.25-1.35)

110

58.3

0.89 (0.43-1.82)

65-74 years

16

12.8

0.37 (0.14-0.95)

64

52.6

0.80 (0.38-1.68)

75 years and over

26

24.4

0.85 (0.32-2.27)

59

54.8

0.90 (0.41-1.99)

BMI*

      

Underweight/normal

40

15.3

1.00

141

54.2

1.00

Overweight

84

15.7

1.12 (0.60-2.12)

304

56.9

1.17 (0.74-1.83)

Obese

91

24.6

2.21 (1.19-4.11)

247

66.8

1.72 (1.05-2.80)

Country of birth*

      

Australia

135

16.0

1.00

496

58.4

1.00

Other country

79

25.0

1.93 (1.22-3.05)

196

62.2

1.38 (0.95-2.01)

Season

      

Summer

18

8.2

1.00

96

44.4

1.00

Autumn

32

11.7

1.75 (0.62-4.91)

136

49.0

1.37 (0.78-2.39)

Winter

90

26.0

4.55 (1.66-12.44)

225

65.2

2.76 (1.52-5.02)

Spring

75

23.1

4.08 (1.51-10.98)

235

72.3

3.90 (2.23-6.80)

Income

      

Up to $60,000

96

20.8

1.00

261

56.4

1.00

More than $60,000

99

16.4

0.75 (0.43-1.30)

382

63.3

1.22 (0.81-1.84)

Don’t know/not stated

20

20.2

0.60 (0.23-1.57)

50

50.5

0.56 (0.23-1.37)

Education

      

Some schooling

52

17.7

1.00

168

56.9

1.00

Completed high school

12

10.0

0.42 (0.16-1.08)

77

63.4

1.14 (0.61-2.14)

Apprentice/diploma

77

16.4

1.03 (0.63-1.70)

257

54.7

0.89 (0.60-1.33)

University or higher education

61

25.3

2.27 (1.17-4.37)

165

68.5

1.93 (1.03-3.62)

Refused/not stated

13

34.2

8.96 (1.21-66.45)

25

67.4

39.21 (3.09-496.76)

Smoking status

      

Non/ex

167

17.9

1.00

554

59.1

1.00

Current

46

21.5

1.35 (0.76-2.39)

131

61.8

1.38 (0.82-2.33)

Not stated

2

13.1

0.93 (0.17-4.98)

7

46.9

0.92 (0.22-3.87)

Physical activity

      

No activity

39

22.4

1.00

113

64.0

1.00

Insufficient activity

69

21.0

0.95 (0.55-1.63)

221

67.0

1.06 (0.66-1.71)

Sufficient activity

93

15.1

0.53 (0.31-0.90)

333

54.1

0.59 (0.38-0.91)

Not stated

13

30.6

0.20 (0.04-1.14)

25

60.4

0.05 (0.01-0.43)

Vitamin D supplement

      

Took vitamin D

2

10.7

1.00

10

42.9

1.00

Took supplements but not vitamin D

43

14.8

2.13 (0.49-9.20)

182

62.7

2.88 (1.11-7.51)

Did not take supplements/not stated

170

19.9

2.93 (0.70-12.33)

500

58.8

2.17 (0.87-5.42)

  1. *Not stated category not reported n ≤ 10. The weighting of data can lead to rounding discrepancies and totals not adding.
  2. †Adjusted for age group, BMI categories, country of birth, season, income, education, smoking status, activity level, vitamin D supplement status.
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