|
1 [27]
|
Cohort
|
Reverse causality highly likely (-0.5)
|
Study shows benefit of EBF among infants 0-5 mos of age; study shows benefit of any BF among infants 6-23 mos of age (+1)
|
Only Asia (-0.5)
|
EBF not reported for neonates alone
|
|
Pneumonia Prevalence: moderate outcome-specific quality
|
|
1 [18]
|
Cohort
|
Reverse causality likely (-0.5)
|
Study shows benefit of EBF among infants 0-5 mos of age; study shows benefit of any BF among infants 6-23 mos of age (+1)
|
Only Latin America (-0.5)
|
EBF not reported for neonates alone
|
|
Pneumonia Mortality: moderate outcome-specific quality
|
|
5 [19–23]
|
Cohort/Case-control
|
Reverse causality highly likely or likely for 3 of 5 studies (-0.5)
|
All studies show benefit of EBF among infants 0-5 mos of age; all studies show benefit of any BF among infants 6-23 mos of age (+1)
|
Asia, Latin America, Africa, Western Pacific
| |
|
All-Cause Mortality: moderate outcome-specific quality
|
|
4 [19, 20, 24, 25]
|
Cohort
|
Reverse causality highly likely or likely for all 4 studies (-0.5)
|
All studies show benefit of EBF among infants 0-5 mos of age; all studies show benefit of any BF among children 6-23 mos of age (+1)
|
Asia, Latin America, Africa
| |
|
Pneumonia Hospitalizations: moderate outcome-specific quality
|
|
2 [20, 26]
|
Cohort/Case-control
|
Reverse causality highly likely or likely for both studies (-0.5)
|
All studies show benefit of EBF among infants 0-5 mos of age; studies show benefit of any BF among children 0-11 mos of age (+1)
|
Asia, Latin America, Africa
|
EBF not reported for neonates alone; BF not reported for children >11 mos
|
|
All-Cause Hospitalizations: moderate outcome-specific quality
|
|
1 [20]
|
Cohort
|
Reverse causality highly likely (-0.5)
|
Study shows benefit of EBF among infants 0-5 mos of age (+1)
|
Asia, Latin America, Africa
|
EBF not reported for neonates alone; BF not reported for children >6 mos
|
