Table 1 Overview of the characteristics and handwashing practices of new mothers, Serang, Indonesia (n = 27)
HW status | Age | Setting (urban/rural) | Education | Monthly income (USD) | Other household residents | No. of children | Age of children (range) | Main HW facility | Occasions when handwashing was observed at least once(W = only water used, S = soap used) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Washer | 38 | Urban | n/a | $345-$460 | none | 3 | n/a | kitchen sink | after returning home (S); after sweeping (S); *food preparation (S); after eating (S) *after baby defecation (bathes baby) (S) |
37 | Urban | high school | $690-$805 | none | 3 | 15y/2Â m | kitchen sink | after taking out rubbish (S); after laundry (W); *food preparation (S); after eating (S); *after baby defecation (S, also uses wet wipes);*before breastfeeding (S?); after returning home (W) | |
21 | Urban | high school | $115-$230 | father, brother | 1 | 1.5Â m | bathroom | after cleaning bathroom floor (S); after sweeping/taking out rubbish (S); *before eating (S); after eating (S?); before breastfeeding (wet wipes) | |
22 | Urban | high school | $345-$460 | none | 1 | 2Â m | tap (corner of kitchen) | *before handling baby (stops cooking to respond to baby) (S); after eating (S); after rinsing out baby bath (before preparing baby bottle) (W); *before eating(W); other unknown reasons (W) | |
26 | Urban | high school | $115-$230 | none | 2 | 3.5y/21d | kitchen sink | after laundry (S); *before eating (S); after dishes (W); *after baby defecation (S); *before breastfeeding (W) | |
33 | Urban | academic | $460-$575 | none | 3 | 13y/2Â m | kitchen sink | *before eating (S); *before serving (W) | |
38 | Urban | high school | $115-$230 | none | 4 | 15y/2Â m | kitchen sink | after dishes (S); *before breastfeeding (S) | |
39 | Rural | university | $920 | none | 4 | 12y/13d | HW stand bedroom & store in kitchen (carries ladle to wash in sink) | after returning home *(then eating) (S); after eating (W); *after baby defecation (S); *before breastfeeding (S) | |
25 | Rural | high school | $230-$345 | parents, brother | 1 | 3Â m | kitchen sink | after laundry (S); *before eating (S); after eating (S); *after baby defecation (S); *before handling baby (after cooking) (W) | |
Reactive washer | 22 | Urban | high school | $230-$345 | in-laws | 1 | 4Â m | bathroom | after cooking (chili) (S); after eating (S) |
29 | Urban | junior high | $115-$230 | none | 1 | 9Â m | bathroom | after cleaning floor (S); after eating (W) | |
32 | Urban | academic | $460-$575 | none | 2 | 7y/17d | kitchen (no sink) | after sweeping (S); after dusting (W); after laundry & hanging out clothes (W); after wiping table (W); after eating (S?) | |
35 | Urban | university | $230-$345 | none | 3 | 7y/2Â m | kitchen sink | *after baby defecation (W); after returning home (S) | |
25 | Rural | high school | <$115 | none | 2 | 5y/28d | store in kitchen | after eating (S) | |
18 | Rural | junior high | <$115 | parents | 1 | 28d | store in kitchen | after eating (S); after washing dishes (W) | |
Rinser | 20 | Rural | elementary | $115-$230 | parents, brother, sister | 1 | 28d | store in kitchen | after eating (W); *after defecating (W - at well, open defecator) |
18 | Rural | junior high | <$115 | none | 1 | 28d | bathroom | after moving laundry (W); *(during) food prep (W); after clearing fallen food (W only? too dark to see); after dishes (W); *before serving (W) | |
Reactive rinser | 32 | Urban | high school | $230-$345 | yes (unknown) | 2 | 8y/2Â m | kitchen sink | after sweeping (W); after laundry (W) |
18 | Rural | elementary | <$115 | mother | 1 | 3Â m | store in kitchen | after sweeping (W); after feeding baby puree (W); after eating (W) | |
Avoider | 35 | Urban | high school | $115-$230 | mother | 2 | 8y/21d | kitchen sink | no handwashing observed |
23 | Urban | junior high | $115-$230 | none | 1 | 3Â m | kitchen sink | no handwashing observed | |
34 | Urban | elementary | $115-$230 | none | 3 | 13y/14d | bathroom | no handwashing observed | |
18 | Rural | elementary | $345-$460 | parents, sister | 1 | 2Â m | store in kitchen | after eating (W - right hand only) | |
23 | Rural | high school | <$115 | parents | 2 | 7y/45d | store in kitchen | after clearing dishes (W) | |
19 | Rural | elementary | <$115 | mother-in-law | 1 | 2Â m | store in kitchen | after eating (W) | |
23 | Rural | high school | <$115 | parents, brother | 1 | 28d | store in kitchen? | after eating (W?) | |
25 | Rural | elementary | <$115 | grandparents, brother | 1 | 28d | store in kitchen | after serving (W - right hand only) |