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Table 3 Logistic regression analyses of factors associated with child reporting that their friends usually walk with their dog

From: A cross-sectional study of frequency and factors associated with dog walking in 9–10 year old children in Liverpool, UK

Outcome (predictor variable)

Category

No (n (%) or median (IQR) or mean (SD))

Yes (n (%) or median (IQR) or mean (SD))

Crude OR (95% CI)

Model 1 Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Model 2 Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Model 3 Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Friend walks dog

       

Gender

Male

145 (86.8)

22 (13.2)

    
 

Female

150 (84.3)

28 (15.7)

1.23

1.00

0.44

0.47

(0.67–2.25)

(0.50–2.01)

(0.16–1.17)

(0.17–1.26)

Ethnicity

White

237 (86.2)

38 (13.8)

    
 

Non-white

14 (60.9)

9 (39.1)

4.01

7.47

2.78

2.19

(1.62–9.91)

(2.50–22.27)

(0.53–14.43)

(0.36–13.18)

Sibling status

Neither

140 (83.8)

27 (16.2)

    
 

Single

30 (83.3)

6 (16.7)

1.04

1.38

0.41

0.37

(0.39–2.73)

(0.44–4.30)

(0.04–4.12)

(0.03–4.73)

 

Youngest

129 (86.0)

21 (14.0)

0.84

0.91

2.06

2.22

(0.45–1.57)

(0.43–1.92)

(0.74–5.76)

(0.78–6.30)

Deprivation score

Continuous

47.0 (37.5)

50.2 (33.4)

1.01

1.00

1.01

1.01

(0.99-1.02)

(0.99–1.02)

(0.98–1.04)

(0.98–1.03)

Sports/outdoor games during weekday

<1 hour

112 (88.2)

15 (11.8)

    
 

≥1 hour

185 (83.0)

38 (17.0)

1.53

1.84

2.18

2.19

(0.81–2.91)

(0.83–4.07)

(0.70–6.80)

(0.71–6.81)

Number of dogs

Single

232 (84.1)

44 (15.9)

    
 

Multiple

79 (88.8)

10 (11.2)

0.67

0.47

0.21

0.27

(0.32–1.39)

(0.19–1.19)

(0.05–0.92)

(0.06–1.17)

Bull Breed

No

229 (85.8)

38 (14.2)

    
 

Yes

83 (83.8)

16 (16.2)

1.16

1.10

2.81

 

(0.62–2.19)

(0.50–2.41)

(0.95–8.32)

Pit bull

No

296 (86.1)

48 (14.0)

    
 

Yes

16 (72.7)

6 (27.3)

2.31

  

10.01

(0.86–6.20)

(1.52–65.76)

Attachment score

Continuous

50 (12.2)

47 (8.2)

0.98

 

0.97

0.97

(0.94–1.02)

(0.92–1.02)

(0.92–1.02)

  1. Bold=OR P<0.05.
  2. Model 1: n=259. Hosmer-Lemeshow=0.26. Adjusted model for gender, ethnicity, sibling status, deprivation score, sports/outdoor games during weekday, number of dogs, bull breed.
  3. Model 2: n=157. Hosmer-Lemeshow=0.44. Adjusted model for gender, ethnicity, sibling status, deprivation score, sports/outdoor games during weekday, number of dogs, bull breed, attachment score.
  4. Model 3: n=157. Hosmer-Lemeshow=0.39. Adjusted model for gender, ethnicity, sibling status, deprivation score, sports/outdoor games during weekday, number of dogs, pit bull, attachment score.