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Table 3 Hazard ratios (HR) of death by air pollutants for respiratory cancer cases among Whites from 1992-2008

From: Health effects of air pollution on length of respiratory cancer survival

Air pollutanta

Overall death

Cancer-specific death

Unadjusted HR

Adjusted HRb

Unadjusted HR

Adjusted HRb

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

(95% CI)

Honolulu and Los Angeles(n = 58,586)

PM10

Low (< 29.6 μg/m3)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

High (≥ 29.6 μg/m3)

1.41(1.39–1.44) *

1.63(1.58–1.67) *

1.39(1.36–1.42) *

1.56(1.51–1.61) *

Continuous variable (per 10 μg/m3)

1.40(1.37–1.42) *

1.48(1.44–1.52) *

1.37(1.35–1.40) *

1.43(1.39–1.46) *

PM2.5

Low (< 17.6 μg/m3)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

High (≥ 17.6 μg/m3)

1.08(1.05–1.11) *

2.04(1.96–1.12) *

1.07(1.04–1.10) *

1.97(1.89–2.05) *

Continuous variable (per 5 μg/m3)

1.23(1.21–1.25) *

1.57(1.53–1.61) *

1.20(1.18–1.22) *

1.49(1.45–1.53) *

O3

Low (< 0.041 PPM)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

High(≥ 0.041 PPM)

1.07(1.05–1.09) *

1.04(1.01–1.06) *

1.07(1.05–1.10) *

1.04(1.02–1.07) *

Continuous variable (per 10 PPB)

1.08(1.06–1.09) *

1.04(1.03–1.06) *

1.09(1.07–1.11) *

1.06(1.04–1.07) *

Los Angeles (n = 56,193)

PM10

Low (< 29.7 μg/m3)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

High (≥ 29.7 μg/m3)

1.46(1.43–1.49) *

1.77(1.72–1.83) *

1.44(1.41–1.48) *

1.70(1.64–1.76) *

Continuous variable (per 10 μg/m3)

1.51(1.48–1.54) *

1.91(1.85–1.98) *

1.47(1.44–1.50) *

1.79(1.73–1.86) *

PM2.5

Low (< 17.9 μg/m3)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

High (≥ 17.9 μg/m3)

1.09(1.06–1.12) *

2.24(2.15–2.33) *

1.07(1.04–1.10) *

2.13(2.04–2.22) *

Continuous variable (per 5 μg/m3)

1.42(1.39–1.45) *

2.51(2.43–2.59) *

1.35(1.32–1.39) *

2.28(2.20–2.36) *

O3

Low (< 0.041 PPM)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

High(≥ 0.041 PPM)

1.15(1.13–1.17) *

1.12(1.09–1.15) *

1.15(1.13–1.18) *

1.12(1.09–1.15) *

 

Continuous variable (per 10 PPB)

1.07(1.05–1.09) *

1.04(1.02–1.06) *

1.09(1.07–1.11) *

1.06(1.04–1.08) *

  1. * Statistically significant at alpha = 0.05.
  2. a High and low levels were categorized using the median concentration of air pollutant.
  3. b Adjusted hazard ratios are adjusted for Age at Diagnoses, Sex, Marital status at diagnoses, Cancer stage, Primary site, and Year diagnosed.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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