Table 2 Factors related to exclusive breastfeeding

I. Woman socio-demographic characteristics

Age

0.003

  <20

46 (10.3%)

14 (30.4%)

32 (69.6%)

  20-24

114 (25.4%)

47 (41.2%)

67 (58.8%)

  25-29

157 (35.0%)

33 (21.0%)

124 (79.0%)

  30-34

88 (19.6%)

19 (21.6%)

69 (78.4%)

  ≥ 35

43 (9.6%)

11 (25.6%)

32 (74.4%)

Education

0.280

  Intermediate and below

130 (29.2%)

41 (31.5%)

89 (68.5 %)

  Secondary

87 (19.6%)

27 (31.0%)

60 (69.0%)

  University

228 (51.2%)

56 (24.6%)

172 (75.4%)

Employed

0.000

  Yes

167 (37.9%)

23 (13.8%)

144 (86.2%)

  No

274 (62.1%)

98 (35.8%)

176 (64.2%)

Monthly Household income (Lebanese pounds)

0.019

  < 1 million

180 (39.8%)

60 (33.3%)

120 (66.7%)

  1-2 millions

162 (35.8%)

44 (27.2%)

118 (72.8%)

  > 2 millions

110 (24.3%)

20 (18.2%)

90 (81.8%)

II. Pregnancy and delivery indicators

Planned pregnancy

0.068

  Yes

306 (68.0%)

91 (29.7%)

215 (70.3%)

  No

144 (32.0%)

31 (21.5%)

113 (78.5%)

Gestational age

0.036

  Preterm

36 (8.6%)

4 (11.1%)

32 (88.9%)

  Term

384 (91.4%)

104 (27.1%)

280 (72.9%)

Mode of delivery

0.016

  Vaginal

240 (53.7%)

78 (32.5%)

162 (67.5%)

  C-section

207 (46.3%)

46 (22.2%)

161 (77.8%)

Had a companion at delivery

0.937

  Yes

181 (40.1%)

49 (27.1%)

132 (72.9%)

  No

270 (59.9%)

74 (27.4%)

196 (72.6%)

Delivery experience

0.186

As she expected or better

32 (7.1%)

12 (37.5%)

20 (62.5%)

 Worse than she expected

420 (92.9%)

112 (26.7%)

308 (73.3%)

Held baby in first 30 min

0.885

  Yes

223 (49.4%)

62 (27.8%)

161 (72.2%)

  No

228 (50.6%)

62 (27.2%)

166 (72.8%)

Held baby in first 2 hours

0.385

  Yes

320 (71.0%)

91 (28.4%)

229 (71.6%)

  No

131 (29.0%)

32 (24.4%)

99 (75.6%)

Rooming-in most of the time

0. 477

  Yes

257 (57.0%)

74 (28.8%)

183 (71.2%)

  No

194 (43.0%)

50 (25.8%)

144 (74.2%)

III. Woman health attitude and behavior

Smoking

0.186

  Ever

157 (35.2%)

37 (23.6%)

120 (76.4%)

  Never

289 (64.8%)

85 (29.4%)

204 (70.6%)

Weight gain in pregnancy

0.105

  <= 15 kg

279 (62.1%)

69 (24.7%)

210 (75.3%)

  >= 16 kg

170 (37.9%)

54 (31.8%)

116 (68.2%)

Intention to breastfeed exclusively

0.000

  Yes

390 (87.1%)

117 (30.0%)

273 (70.0%)

  No

58 (12.9%)

4 (6.9%)

54 (93.1%)

IV. Woman postpartum health

Had a health problem

0.292

  Yes

83 (18.4%)

19 (22.9%)

64 (77.1%)

  No

367 (81.6%)

105 (28.6%)

262 (71.4%)

Depressed

0.135

  Yes

152 (33.6%)

35 (23.0%)

117 (77.0%)

  No

300 (66.4%)

89 (29.7%)

211 (70.3%)

Anxiety level

0.133

  Below median

235 (52.3%)

72 (30.6%)

163 (69.4%)

  Above median

214 (47.7%)

52 (24.3%)

162 (75.7%)

Stress level

0.092

  Below median

226 (50.0%)

70 (31.0%)

156 (69.0%)

  Above median

226 (50.0%)

54 (23.9%)

172 (76.1%)

V. Baby characteristics

Had a health problem

0.003

  Yes

130 (28.8%)

23 (17.7%)

107 (82.3%)

  No

322 (71.2%)

101 (31.4%)

221 (68.6%)

Baby behavior

0.382

  Easy / normal baby

164 (36.3%)

41 (25.0%)

123 (75.0%)

  Fussy baby

288 (63.7%)

83 (28.8%)

205 (71.2%)

VI. Social support

Perceived social support

0.897

  Valuable

294 (65.9%)

81 (27.6%)

213 (72.4%)

  Not valuable

152 (34.1%)

41 (27.0%)

111 (73.0%)

Main emotional support

0.012

  Mother

185 (40.9%)

39 (21.1%)

146 (78.9%)

  Other

267 (59.1%)

85 (31.8%)

182 (68.2%)

VII. Intervention arms

0.119

  Video

127 (28.1%)

35 (27.6%)

92 (72.4%)

  Hotline

121 (26.8%)

41 (33.9%)

80 (66.1%)

  Both

101 (22.3%)

28 (27.7%)

73 (72.3%)

  Neither

103 (22.8%)

20 (19.4%)

83 (80.6%)