Table 4 Psychometric properties of final HLQ items * and scales
| Â | Â | Difficulty | Ordered | Factor Loading | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Â | (95% CI) | Â | (95%CI) | Â |
1. Feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers | |||||
1 | I have at least one healthcare provider who… | 0.19 (0.15-0.24) | Yes | 0.84 (0.80- 0.87) | 0.71 |
2 | I have at least one healthcare provider I can… | 0.10 (0.07-0.13) | Yes | 0.99 (0.97- 1.01) | 0.98 |
3 | I have the healthcare providers I need… | 0.18 (0.15-0.22) | Yes | 0.77 (0.72- 0.81) | 0.58 |
4 | I can rely on at least one… | 0.10 (0.08-0.13) | Yes | 0.91 (0.87- 0.94) | 0.82 |
|  | Model Fit – χ 2 WLSMV(2) = 10.15, p= 0.0063, CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.995, RMSEA = 0.100, and WRMR = 0.367. | ||||
| Â | Composite reliability = 0.88 (0.86-0.90) | ||||
2. Having sufficient information to manage my health | |||||
1 | I feel I have good information about health… | 0.11 (0.08-0.14) | Yes | 0.73 (0.67-0.79) | 0.54 |
2 | I have enough information to help me deal… | 0.21 (0.18-0.26) | Yes | 0.88 (0.85-0.91) | 0.77 |
3 | I am sure I have all the information I… | 0.27 (0.22-0.31) | Yes | 0.98 (0.96-1.00) | 0.96 |
4 | I have all the information I need to | 0.25 (0.21-0.30) | Yes | 0.93 (0.91-0.95) | 0.86 |
|  | Model Fit – χ 2 WLSMV(2) = 5.24, p= 0.0730, CFI = 1.000, TLI = 0.999, RMSEA = 0.063, and WRMR = 0.337. | ||||
| Â | Composite reliability = 0.88 (0.87-0.90) | ||||
3. Actively managing my health | |||||
1 | I spend quite a lot of time actively managing… | 0.30 (0.25-0.34) | Yes | 0.79 (0.74-0.84) | 0.63 |
2 | I make plans for what I need to do to be… | 0.15 (0.12-0.18) | Yes | 0.83 (0.79-0.87) | 0.69 |
3 | Despite other things in my life, I make time… | 0.21 (0.17-0.25) | Yes | 0.91 (0.87-0.95) | 0.82 |
4 | I set my own goals about health and fitness | 0.13 (0.10-0.17) | Yes | 0.72 (0.66-0.77) | 0.52 |
5 | There are things that I do regularly… | 0.20 (0.16-0.24) | Yes | 0.89 (0.85-0.92) | 0.78 |
|  | Model Fit – χ 2 WLSMV(5) = 31.96, p<0.0001, CFI = 0.992, TLI = 0.983, RMSEA = 0.115, and WRMR = 0.775. | ||||
| Â | Composite reliability = 0.86 (0.84-0.88) | ||||
4. Social Support for health | |||||
1 | I can get access to several people who… | 0.16 (0.13-0.20) | Yes | 0.70 (0.64-0.75) | 0.48 |
2 | When I feel ill, the people around me really… | 0.30 (0.26-0.35) | Yes | 0.74 (0.69-0.80) | 0.55 |
3 | If I need help, I have plenty of people I… | 0.18 (0.14-0.22) | Yes | 0.88 (0.85-0.91) | 0.77 |
4 | I have at least one person… | 0.19 (0.15-0.23) | Yes | 0.72 (0.67-0.77) | 0.52 |
5 | I have strong support from… | 0.10 (0.08-0.14) | Yes | 0.89 (0.86-0.93) | 0.79 |
|  | Model Fit – χ 2 WLSMV(5) = 37.36, p<0.0001, CFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.975, RMSEA = 0.126, and WRMR = 0.925. | ||||
| Â | Composite reliability = 0.84 (0.81-0.86) | ||||
5. Appraisal of health information | |||||
1 | I compare health information from different | 0.18 (0.15-0.22) | Yes | 0.68 (0.62- 0.74) | 0.46 |
2 | When I see new information about health, I… | 0.38 (0.34-0.43) | Yes | 0.73 (0.67- 0.79) | 0.53 |
3 | I always compare health information from… | 0.34 (0.30-0.39) | Yes | 0.86 (0.81-0.90) | 0.74 |
4 | I know how to find out if the health… | 0.30 (0.25-0.34) | Yes | 0.59 (0.51- 0.66) | 0.34 |
5 | I ask healthcare providers about the quality… | 0.38 (0.33-0.43) | Yes | 0.62 (0.55-0.68) | 0.38 |
|  | Model Fit – χ 2 WLSMV(5) = 18.05, p= 0.0029, CFI = 0.990, TLI = 0.980, RMSEA = 0.080, and WRMR = 0.610 | ||||
| Â | Composite reliability = 0.77 (0.74-0.81) | ||||
6. Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers | |||||
1 | Make sure that healthcare providers understand… | 0.23 (0.19-0.27) | Yes | 0.79 (0.75- 0.84) | 0.63 |
2 | Feel able to discuss your health concerns with a… | 0.15 (0.11-0.18) | Yes | 0.88 (0.85- 0.90) | 0.77 |
3 | Have good discussions about your health… | 0.18 (0.14-0.22) | Yes | 0.85 (0.82- 0.88) | 0.72 |
4 | Discuss things with healthcare providers… | 0.23 (0.19-0.28) | Yes | 0.87 (0.84-0.90) | 0.76 |
5 | Ask healthcare providers questions to get… | 0.24 (0.20-0.28) | Yes | 0.88 (0.85- 0.91) | 0.77 |
|  | Model Fit – χ 2 WLSMV(5) = 74.91, p<0.0001, CFI = 0.986, TLI = 0.973, RMSEA = 0.185, and WRMR = 0.944. | ||||
| Â | Composite reliability = 0.90 (0.88-0.92) | ||||
7. Navigating the healthcare system | |||||
1 | Find the right healthcare | 0.19 (0.16-0.23) | Yes | 0.76 (0.71-0.80) | 0.57 |
2 | Get to see the healthcare providers I need to | 0.07 (0.05-0.10) | No | 0.61 (0.54-0.68) | 0.37 |
3 | Decide which healthcare provider you need… | 0.20 (0.17-0.24) | Yes | 0.92 (0.89-0.94) | 0.84 |
4 | Make sure you find the right place to get… | 0.19 (0.16-0.23) | Yes | 0.94 (0.92-0.96) | 0.88 |
5 | Find out what healthcare services you are… | 0.42 (0.37-0.47) | Yes | 0.77 (0.73-0.82) | 0.60 |
| Â | 6 Work out what is the best care for you | 0.28 (0.24-0.33) | Yes | 0.80 (0.76-0.83) | 0.63 |
|  | Model Fit – χ 2 WLSMV(9) = 21.74, p= 0.0097, CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.996, RMSEA = 0.058, and WRMR = 0.451. | ||||
| Â | Composite reliability = 0.88 (0.87-0.90) | ||||
8. Ability to find good health information | |||||
1 | Find information about health problems | 0.21 (0.17-0.25) | Yes | 0.85 (0.81-0.88) | 0.72 |
2 | Find health information from several… | 0.27 (0.23-0.32) | Yes | 0.86 (0.83-0.89) | 0.74 |
3 | Get information about health so you are… | 0.23 (0.19-0.27) | Yes | 0.87 (0.84-0.89) | 0.75 |
4 | Get health information in words you… | 0.20 (0.17-0.24) | Yes | 0.81 (0.77-0.85) | 0.66 |
5 | Get health information by yourself | 0.26 (0.22-0.30) | Yes | 0.84 (0.80-0.87) | 0.70 |
|  | Model Fit – χ 2 WLSMV(5) = 57.06, p<0.0001, CFI = 0.989, TLI = 0.977, RMSEA = 0.160, and WRMR = 0.820. | ||||
| Â | Composite reliability = 0.89 (0.87-0.91) | ||||
9. Understanding health information well enough to know what to do | |||||
1 | Confidently fill medical forms in the correct… | 0.13 (0.10-0.17) | No | 0.80 (0.75-0.84) | 0.63 |
2 | Accurately follow the instructions from… | 0.08 (0.06-0.21) | No | 0.82 (0.77-0.87) | 0.67 |
3 | Read and understand written health… | 0.15 (0.12-0.19) | Yes | 0.84 (0.81-0.88) | 0.71 |
4 | Read and understand all the information on… | 0.16 (0.13-0.20) | Yes | 0.83 (0.79-0.87) | 0.69 |
5 | Understand what healthcare providers are… | 0.14 (0.11-0.17) | Yes | 0.88 (0.85-0.92) | 0.78 |
|  | Model Fit – χ 2 WLSMV(5) = 35.70, p<0.0001, CFI = 0.992, TLI = 0.983, RMSEA = 0.123, and WRMR = 0.671 | ||||
| Â | Composite reliability = 0.88 (0.86-0.90) | ||||