Table 3 General demographic characteristics, crude and adjusted odds ratios of S. haematobium by risk factors
Variable | S. haematobiuminfected | Crude | Adjusted | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
No (%) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
Location | Urban | 36/437 (8.2%) | 1 | 1 |
| Â | Rural | 509/1866 (27.3%) | 4.17 (2.92-5.95) | 4.70 (3.13-7.08) |
Geographic part within the State | Central | 68/514 (13.2%) | 1 | 1 |
Eastern | 124/768 (16.1%) | 1.26 (0.92-1.74) | 1.02 (0.69-1.49) | |
Western | 353/1020 (34.6%) | 3.47 (2.61-4.62) | 1.82 (1.27-2.59) | |
Age | >12 ys | 101/460 (22.0%) | 1 | Removed |
| Â | 8-12 ys | 274/1177 (23.3%) | 1.08 (0.83-1.40) | Â |
| Â | <8 ys | 170/665 (25.6%) | 1.22 (0.92-1.62) | Â |
Gender | Female | 154/727 (21.2%) | 1 | 1 |
| Â | Male | 391/1575 (24.8%) | 1.23 (0.99-1.52) | 1.25 (0.97-1.60) |
Father’s education | Above primary | 56/308 (18.2%) | 1 | Removed |
Primary | 229/963 (23.8%) | 1.40 (1.01-1.94) | Â | |
| Â | Illiterate | 260/1031 (25.2%) | 1.52 (1.10-2.09) | Â |
Mother’s education | Above primary | 24/153 (15.7%) | 1 | Removed |
Primary | 139/653 (21.3%) | 1.45 (0.91-2.34) | Â | |
| Â | Illiterate | 382/1496 (25.5%) | 1.84 (1.17-2.89) | Â |
Father’s Occupation | Indoor worker | 240/1071 (22.4%) | 1 | 1 |
Outdoor worker | 305/1231 (24.8%) | 1.14 (0.94-1.38) | 0.80 (0.64-1.00) | |
Mother’s Occupation | Indoor worker | 36/203 (17.7%) | 1 | Removed |
Housewife | 342/1467 (23.3%) | 1.41 (0.96-2.10) | Â | |
| Â | Farmer | 167/632 (26.4%) | 1.67 (1.12-2.49) | Â |
Type of house | Fixed | 103/495 (20.8%) | 1 | Removed |
| Â | Cottage | 442/1807 (24.5%) | 1.23 (0.97-1.57) | Â |
Source of water | Closed * | 284/1579 (18.0%) | 1 | 1 |
Opened | 261/723 (36.1%) | 2.58 (2.11-3.14) | 2.96 (2.34-3.74) | |
Hand washing facility at school | Available | 105/606 (17.3%) | 1 | 1 |
Not available | 440/1696 (25.9%) | 1.67 (1.32-2.12) | 1.51 (1.15-1.99) | |
Latrine at school | Available | 247/1062 (23.3%) | 1 | Not included |
Not available | 298/1240 (24.0%) | 1.04 (0.86-1.27) | Â | |
Distance from school to nearest open water source | ≥ 1 Km | 9/142 (6.3%) | 1 | 32.50 (12.89-81.95) |
< 1 Km | 536/2160 (24.8%) | 4.88 (2.47-9.65) | Â | |
Play/bath in open water | No | 152/833 (18.2%) | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 393/1469 (26.8%) | 1.64 (1.33-2.02) | 1.48 (1.15-1.89) | |
Frequency of open water contact | >weekly | 306/1660 (18.4%) | 1 | 1 |
Daily | 239/642 (37.2%) | 2.62 (2.14-3.21) | 3.92 (3.06-5.02) | |
Health advocacy at school | Yes | 115/642 (17.9%) | 1 | Removed |
No | 430/1660 (%) | 1.60 (1.27-2.02) | Â | |
Health facility in the same village | Yes | 277/1349 (20.5%) | 1 | 1 |
No | 268/953 (28.1%) | 1.51 (1.23-1.84) | 1.53 (1.21-1.93) | |
Knowledge about schistosomiasis | Yes | 210/941 (21.8%) | 1 | 1 |
No | 335/1361 (26.7%) | 1.45 (1.19-1.76) | 1.48 (1.18-1.86) | |
History of schistosomiasis treatment | No | 462/2123 (21.8%) | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 83/179 (46.4%) | 3.11 (2.28-4.24) | 3.37 (2.53-4.51) | |