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Table 4 Multivariate model for factors associated with psychosocial assessment during the perinatal period

From: Disparities in reported psychosocial assessment across public and private maternity settings: a national survey of women in Australia

 

Given PMH information

Current emotional health

Mental health history

Level of support

Drug or alcohol use

Domestic violence or abuse

 

PR§[95% CI]

PR§[95% CI]

PR§[95% CI]

PR§[95% CI]

PR§[95% CI]

PR§[95% CI]

Pregnancy (N = 1804)

Partner status

      

Married/de facto

-

-

1

1

-

-

Single1

-

-

0.89 [0.73 , 1.03]

1.04 [0.92 , 1.09]

-

-

Parity

      

Primiparous

1

-

1

 

1

-

Multiparous

0.94 [0.90 , 0.99]*

-

0.87 [0.80 , 0.95]*

 

0.91 [0.86 , 0.96]**

-

Income management 2

      

Not difficult

1

1

1

1

1

-

Difficult

1.04 [1.00 , 1.09]*

1.02 [0.96 , 1.07]

1.04 [0.96 , 1.13]

1.03 [0.99 , 1.09]

1.06 [1.01 , 1.12]*

-

Highest level of education

      

University degree or higher

-

1

1

1

-

1

Year 12/Trade/ diploma

-

1.06 [0.99 , 1.13]

1.08 [0.99 , 1.17]

1.04 [0.99 , 1.09]

-

1.07 [0.97 , 1.18]

Year 10 or below

-

1.05 [0.92 , 1.14]

1.24 [1.09 , 1.38]**

1.04 [0.93 , 1.13]

-

1.12 [0.89 , 1.31]

Area of residence 3

      

Urban

-

1

1

1

1

1

Non-urban

-

0.94 [0.90 , 1.00]*

0.96 [0.89 , 1.04]

1.03 [0.99 , 1.09]

0.99 [0.94 , 1.05]

1.03 [0.93 , 1.14]

Background language 4

      

English

1

1

1

 

1

1

Other

0.89 [0.77 , 1.01]

0.89 [0.74 , 1.01]

0.87 [0.68 , 1.03]

 

0.86 [0.71 , 1.00]

0.79 [0.56 , 1.04]

Employment status 5

      

Employed

-

1

1

 

-

-

Not employed

-

1.00 [0.94 , 1.06]

1.03 [0.95 , 1.12]

 

-

-

Maternity care sector 6

      

Private

1

1

1

1

1

1

Public

1.19 [1.13 , 1.25]**

1.41 [1.31 , 1.51]**

1.72 [1.57 , 1.89]**

1.45 [1.36 , 1.55]**

1.39 [1.30 , 1.49]**

2.96 [2.56 , 3.45]**

#State/Territory of residence 7

      

NSW

1

1

1

1

1

1

VIC

0.95 [0.89 , 1.02]

0.81 [0.74 , 0.88]

0.71 [0.63 , 0.79]

0.89 [0.83 , 0.95]

0.89 [0.82 , 0.96]

0.45 [0.38 , 0.53]

QLD

1.01 [0.94 , 1.07]

0.95 [0.87 , 1.04]

0.86 [0.77 , 0.95]

0.94 [0.87 , 0.99]

1.00 [0.92 , 1.06]

0.85 [0.75 , 0.95]

SA

1.00 [0.91 , 1.09]

0.92 [0.81 , 1.02]

0.81 [0.69 , 0.93]

0.94 [0.85 , 1.02]

0.94 [0.83 , 1.03]

0.68 [0.55 , 0.82]

WA

1.05 [0.96 , 1.12]

1.12 [1.03 , 1.20]

0.82 [0.70 , 0.94]

0.85 [0.75 , 0.94]

0.87 [0.76 , 0.97]

0.42 [0.31 , 0.56]

Other

1.08 [1.01 , 1.14]

1.12 [1.00 , 1.20]

0.91 [0.76 , 1.06]

0.87 [0.76 , 0.96]

1.08 [0.99 , 1.14]

0.48 [0.34 , 0.63]

Postnatal period (N = 1442)

Partner status

      

Married/de facto

-

-

-

1

-

-

Single1

-

-

-

1.10 [0.94 , 1.22]

-

-

Parity

      

Primiparous

1

1

-

1

-

-

Multiparous

0.92 [0.88 , 0.96]**

0.95 [0.90 , 1.01]

-

0.93 [0.87 , 1.00]*

-

-

Income management 2

      

Not difficult

-

-

-

-

1

-

Difficult

-

-

-

-

1.15 [1.00 , 1.31]

-

Background language 4

      

English

-

1

1

1

-

1

Other

-

0.85 [0.72 , 0.97]*

0.78 [0.56 , 1.03]

0.83 [0.69 , 0.96]*

-

0.67 [0.44 , 0.95]*

Maternity care sector 6

      

Private

-

-

1

1

1

1

Public

-

-

1.09 [0.96 , 1.23]

1.01 [0.94 , 1.08]

1.14 [0.99 , 1.31]

1.11 [0.96 , 1.29]

# State/Territory of residence 7

      

NSW

1

1

1

1

1

1

VIC

1.10 [1.04 , 1.17]

1.09 [1.02 , 1.17]

0.78 [0.66 , 0.92]

1.02 [0.94 , 1.11]

0.65 [0.54 , 0.79]

0.62 [0.51 , 0.74]

QLD

0.86 [0.78 , 0.94]

0.76 [0.68 , 0.85]

0.58 [0.47 , 0.72]

0.70 [0.62 , 0.79]

0.53 [0.42 , 0.66]

0.40 [0.31 , 0.52]

SA

0.98 [0.87 , 1.08]

0.85 [0.73 , 0.97]

1.06 [0.85 , 1.30]

1.01 [0.88 , 1.13]

0.98 [0.77 , 1.22]

0.89 [0.69 , 1.12]

WA

1.13 [1.06 , 1.21]

1.15 [1.06 , 1.24]

1.04 [0.84 , 1.27]

1.04 [0.93 , 1.16]

0.71 [0.54 , 0.92]

0.45 [0.31 , 0.63]

Other

1.05 [0.95 , 1.15]

1.10 [0.98 , 1.20]

1.08 [0.85 , 1.33]

1.02 [0.88 , 1.15]

0.88 [0.66 , 1.13]

0.57 [0.39 , 0.79]

  1. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001; §PR: prevalence ratio; Inclusion of variables into the multivariate model for each outcome was based on significant results (p < .10) from univariate analyses; #State was significant in all models at p < .001, except first model (pregnancy only) where significant at p = 0.0493. 1 ‘Never married’, ‘single’, ‘widowed’, ‘divorced’, or ‘separated’; 2 Respondents were asked to indicate how they managed on their available income: item re-coded so that a zero score (‘not difficult’) included responses of ‘not too bad’ or ‘easy’, and a score of one (‘difficult’) indicated that income management was reported as ‘difficult some of the time’, ‘difficult all of the time’ or ‘impossible’; 3 Based on the Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia score., re-coded as ‘urban’ (major city) or ‘non-urban’ (regional or remote) [30]; 4 As reported at ALSWH 1973–1978 Cohort Survey 1 (1996); 5 Employment status at the time of the birth of the index child: item re-coded into two categories:‘employed’ (full-time/part-time/casual) and ‘not employed’ (looking for work/not in paid workforce); 6 Public (public hospital and birthing centre); private (private hospital and private patient at a public hospital); 7 NSW New South Wales, VIC Victoria, QLD Queensland, SA South Australia, WA Western Australia, Other: Tasmania, Australian Capital Territory, Northern Territory (collapsed into one category due to small cell sizes).
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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