Table 3 Off-label and in-label medicine use by ATC-classes and off-label strata, KiGGS 2003-2006
From: Off-label medicine use in children and adolescents: results of a population-based study in Germany
ATC-class | Off-label use | In-label use | Total | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indication | Age | Over-dosing | Under-dosing | ||||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | |
Total | 541 | 4.3 | 476 | 3.8% | 583 | 4.6 | 2,202 | 17.4 | 8,865 | 70.0 | 12,667 |
A00 ALIMENTARY TRACT and METABOLISM | 140 | 4.8 | 113 | 3.9% | 86 | 2.9 | 654 | 22.4 | 1,933 | 66.1 | 2,926 |
A01 Stomatological preparations | 47 | 2.8 | 80 | 4.7% | 41 | 2.4 | 308 | 18.2 | 1215 | 71.9 | 1691 |
A03 Antispasmodic and anticholinergic agents and propulsives | 6 | 4.7 | 3 | 2.4 | 8 | 6.3 | 18 | 14.2 | 92 | 72.4 | 127 |
A07 Antidiarrheals. Intestinal Antiinflammatory/Antiinfektive Agents | 5 | 4.9 | 7 | 6.8 | 6 | 5.8 | 11 | 10.7 | 74 | 71.8 | 103 |
A11 Vitamins | 35 | 5.1 | 10 | 1.4 | 18 | 2.6 | 218 | 31.5 | 411 | 59.4 | 692 |
A12 Mineral Supplements | 42 | 22.5 | 4 | 2.1 | 6 | 3.2 | 84 | 44.9 | 51 | 27.3 | 187 |
A14 Anabolic Agents for Systemic Use | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 100 | 2 |
B00 BLOOD and BLOOD FORMING ORGANS | 0 | 0 | 4 | 5.5 | 3 | 4.1 | 17 | 23.3 | 49 | 67.1 | 73 |
C00 CARDIOVASKULAR SYSTEM | 3 | 5.2 | 11 | 19.0 | 3 | 5.2 | 22 | 37.9 | 19 | 32.8 | 58 |
C01 Cardic Therapy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 30.0 | 7 | 70.0 | 10 |
C05 Vasoprotectives | 1 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4.0 | 17 | 68.0 | 6 | 24.0 | 25 |
C07 Beta Blocking Agents | 1 | 10.0 | 7 | 70.0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10.0 | 1 | 10.0 | 10 |
D00 DERMATOLOGICALS | 69 | 4.4 | 42 | 2.7 | 30 | 1.9 | 344 | 21.8 | 1,094 | 69.3 | 1579 |
D01 Antifungals for Dermatological Use | 7 | 6.1 | 1 | 0.9 | 5 | 4.3 | 21 | 18.3 | 81 | 70.4 | 115 |
D02 Emollients and Protectives | 4 | 1.6 | 4 | 1.6 | 4 | 1.6 | 29 | 11.9 | 203 | 83.2 | 244 |
D03 Preparations for Treatment of Wounds and Ulcers | 17 | 5.3 | 2 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0.9 | 297 | 93.1 | 319 |
D04 Antipruritics. incl. Antihistamines. Anesthetics etc. | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.6 | 46 | 28.6 | 112 | 69.6 | 161 |
D06 Antibiotics and Chemotherapeutics for Dermatological Use | 10 | 11.6 | 1 | 1.2 | 2 | 2.3 | 49 | 57.0 | 24 | 27.9 | 86 |
D07 Corticosteroids. Dermatological Preparations | 23 | 10.2 | 15 | 6.6 | 13 | 5.8 | 95 | 42.0 | 80 | 35.4 | 226 |
D10 Anti-Akne Preparations | 2 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.9 | 28 | 25.5 | 79 | 71.8 | 110 |
D11 Other Dermatological Preparations | 4 | 1.8 | 16 | 7.4 | 3 | 1.4 | 69 | 31.8 | 125 | 57.6 | 217 |
G00 GENITO URINARY SYSTEM and SEX HORMONES | 52 | 10.5 | 2 | 0.4 | 4 | 0.8 | 8 | 1.6 | 431 | 86.7 | 497 |
G03 Sex Hormones and Modulators of the Genital System | 48 | 10.6 | 1 | 0.2 | 3 | 0.7 | 2 | 0.4 | 398 | 88.1 | 452 |
H00 SYSTEMIC HORMONAL PREPARATIONS. excl. SEX HORMONES and INSULINS | 6 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 2.4 | 29 | 9.8 | 253 | 85.8 | 2,,95 |
H03 Thyroid Therapy | 1 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2.0 | 28 | 11.4 | 212 | 86.2 | 246 |
J00 ANTIINFECTIVES for SYSTEMIC USE | 25 | 6.7 | 5 | 1.3 | 21 | 5.6 | 71 | 19.0 | 252 | 67.4 | 374 |
J01 Antibiotics for Systemic Use | 25 | 7.5 | 4 | 1.2 | 21 | 6.3 | 71 | 21.3 | 212 | 63.7 | 333 |
L00 ANTINEOPLASTIC and IMMUNMODULATING AGENTS | 8 | 9.4 | 7 | 8.2 | 5 | 5.9 | 24 | 28.2 | 41 | 48.2 | 85 |
L03 Immunostimulants | 8 | 11.3 | 6 | 8.5 | 4 | 5.6 | 23 | 32.4 | 30 | 42.3 | 71 |
M00 MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM | 11 | 2.0 | 31 | 5.6 | 8 | 1.5 | 47 | 8.5 | 454 | 82.4 | 551 |
M01 Antiinflammatory and Antirheumatic Products | 2 | 0.8 | 16 | 6.4 | 6 | 2.4 | 26 | 10.4 | 200 | 80.0 | 250 |
M02 Topical Products for Joint and Muscular Pain | 7 | 2.5 | 14 | 5.0 | 1 | 0.4 | 16 | 5.7 | 242 | 86.4 | 280 |
N00 NERVOUS SYSTEM | 28 | 2.6 | 43 | 3.9 | 11 | 1.0 | 93 | 8.5 | 921 | 84.0 | 1,096 |
N02 Analgesics | 11 | 1.4 | 30 | 3.9 | 5 | 0.6 | 66 | 8.5 | 664 | 85.6 | 776 |
N06 Psychoanaleptics | 7 | 3.8 | 2 | 1.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 9 | 4.9 | 167 | 90.3 | 185 |
R00 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM | 94 | 2.4 | 202 | 5.2 | 334 | 8.6 | 786 | 20.2 | 2477 | 63.6 | 3,893 |
R01 Nasal Preparations | 13 | 1.3 | 55 | 5.5 | 18 | 1.8 | 60 | 6.1 | 845 | 85.3 | 991 |
R02 Throat Preparations | 2 | 1.3 | 2 | 1.3 | 13 | 8.7 | 9 | 6.0 | 124 | 82.7 | 150 |
R03 Anti-Asthmatics | 20 | 3.5 | 46 | 8.0 | 16 | 2.8 | 72 | 12.6 | 419 | 73.1 | 573 |
R04 Chest Ointments. Inhalatives | 3 | 1.0 | 35 | 11.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 108 | 34.7 | 165 | 53.1 | 311 |
R05 Cough and Cold Preparations | 42 | 2.6 | 54 | 3.3 | 278 | 16.9 | 476 | 28.9 | 797 | 48.4 | 1647 |
R06 Antihistamines for Systemic Use | 13 | 6.1 | 10 | 4.7 | 9 | 4.2 | 60 | 28.3 | 120 | 56.6 | 212 |
S00 SENSORY ORGANS | 20 | 10.0 | 2 | 1.0 | 10 | 5.0 | 60 | 30.0 | 108 | 54.0 | 200 |
S01 Ophthalmologicals | 19 | 13.4 | 2 | 1.4 | 2 | 1.4 | 47 | 33.1 | 72 | 50.7 | 142 |
S02 Otologicals | 1 | 1.9 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 13.5 | 11 | 21.2 | 33 | 63.5 | 52 |
V00 VARIOUS | 5 | 2.3 | 1 | 0.5 | 6 | 2.8 | 23 | 10.6 | 183 | 83.9 | 218 |
V03 All Other Therapeutic Products | 3 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4.0 | 18 | 18.2 | 74 | 74.7 | 99 |
V06 General Nutrients | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.0 | 2 | 4.0 | 5 | 10.0 | 42 | 84.0 | 50 |
Z00 HOMOEOPATHICS | 80 | 10.0 | 11 | 1.4 | 55 | 6.9 | 23 | 2.9 | 631 | 78.9 | 800 |