Useful screening tools for preventing foot problems of diabetics in rural areas: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health

Table 3 The relationship between MNSI and health-related physiological indicators

Variables		MNSI ^a		χ²	Odds ratio	95%
	Normal		Abnormal
		N (%)		(d.f.=1)		Confidence interval
Gender
Female	141 (62.1)		86 (37.9)	6.49**	1.70	1.13~2.57
Male	78 (49.1)		81 (50.9)
Education
<= primary school	162 (52.1)		149 (47.9)	14.07***	0.34	0.19~0.61
>= secondary school	57 (76.0)		18 (24.0)
ABI^b
Normal	198 (58.9)		138 (41.1)	5.10*	2.01	1.09~3.71
Abnormal	20 (41.7)		28 (58.3)
King’s college classification^c
Normal	179 (82.1)		39 (17.9)	129.90***	14.33	8.75~23.47
Risk and high risk	41 (24.3)		128 (75.7)
Texas risk classification^d
Low risk	182 (96.3)		7 ( 3.7)	234.35***	109.47	47.56~251.98
At/ or high risk	38 (19.2)		160 (80.8)
Right side dorsal pedal pulses^e
Present/weakness	180 (60.2)		119 (39.8)	6.49*	1.86	1.15~3.01
Absent	39 (44.8)		48 (55.2)
Left side dorsal pedals pulses
Present/weakness	171 (60.9)		110 (39.1)	7.14**	1.85	1.17~2.90
Absent	48 (45.7)		57 (54.3)
Right side poster tibias pulses
Present/weakness	179 (59.1)		124 (40.9)	3.14	1.55	0.95~2.53
Absent	40 (48.2)		43 (51.8)
Left side poster tibias pulses
Present/weakness	174 (59.0)		121 (41.0)	2.58	1.47	0.92~2.36
Absent	45 (49.5)		46 (50.5)
Right side popliteal pulses
Present/weakness	163 (59.3)		112 (40.7)	2.51	1.43	0.92~2.23
Absent	56 (50.5)		55 (49.5)
Left side popliteal pulses
Present/ weakness	163 (59.1)		113 (40.9)	2.13	1.39	0.89~2.17
Absent	56 (50.9)		54 (49.1)
Right capillary refill time
<2 seconds	191 (59.5)		130 (40.5)	3.79	1.76	0.99~3.14
>2 seconds	25 (45.5)		30 (54.5)
Left capillary refill time
<2 seconds	190 (59.0)		132 (41.0)	2.61	1.61	0.90~2.89
>2 seconds	25 (47.2)		28 (52.8)

^a MNSI Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument: normal <2 ^b ABI any side of ankle brachial index <0.9 was defined as abnormal. ^c King’s college classification: in this table, except the level of not at risk, we re-categorized the other five conditions of at risk, ulcer, cellulites, necrosis and amputation as risk and high risk. ^d University Texas risk classification system: in this table, we re-categorized the six conditions of at risk, ulcer, cellulites, necrosis and amputation as risk and high risk. ^e Palpable pulses between both sides of dorsal pedals, poster tibias, and popliteal areas. *p < .05, ** p<.01, ***p < .001.

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