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Table 3 Association between selected risk factors and prevalence of pre-hypertension among adult Nepali women (n = 15,404)

From: A cross-sectional study of the prevalence and risk factors for hypertension in rural Nepali women

 

Pre-Hypertensiona

 

Odds Ratio (95% CI)

 

Pahadi

Madheshi

 

(n=4945)

(n=10,421)

 

Unadjusted

Adjustedb

Unadjusted

Adjustedb

SES: Household quality

    

  High

Reference

-

-

-

  Middle

1.08 (0.90 to 1.29)

1.04 (0.86 to 1.27)

0.84 (0.73 to 0.98)

0.92 (0.80 to 1.07)

  Low

1.23 (1.03 to 1.46)

1.23 (1.03 to 1.52)

0.89 (0.75 to 1.01)

0.93 (0.79 to 1.08)

SES: Farming and food

    

  High

Reference

-

-

-

  Middle

0.87 (0.71 to 1.03)

0.78 (0.69 to 1.12)

1.04 (0.90 to 1.20)

1.09 (0.95 to 1.27)

  Low

1.03 (0.86 to 1.24)

0.95 (0.78 to 1.15)

1.28 (1.12 to 1.47)

1.31 (1.14 to 1.55)

SES: Household Assets

    

  High

Reference

-

-

-

  Middle

1.11 (0.93 to 1.32)

1.11 (0.9 to 1.33)

0.94 (0.81 to 1.08)

0.99 (0.85 to 1.14)

  Low

1.25 (1.04 to 1.51)

1.27 (1.04 to 1.55)

0.81 (0.67 to 0.96)

0.86 (0.74 to 1.00)

Age

    

  16 to 30

Reference

-

-

-

  31 to 45

1.74 (1.48 to 2.05)

1.67 (1.40 to 1.98)

1.30 (1.14 to 1.47)

1.34 (1.17 to 1.52)

  46 and above

1.58 (1.11 to 2.25)

1.63 (1.12 to 2.34)

2.23 (1.72 to 2.88)

2.47 (1.88 to 3.24)

Smoking

    

  No

Reference

-

-

-

  Yes

1.15 (0.99 to 1.34)

0.96 (0.80 to 1.16)

1.05 (0.87 to 1.16)

0.93 (0.79 to 1.10)

Alcohol

    

  No

Reference

-

-

-

  Yes

1.55 (1.33 to 1.81)

1.57 (1.30 to 1.88)

1.51 (1.07 to 2.12)

1.46 (1.02 to 2.10)

MUAC (cm)

1.07 (1.04 to 1.10)

1.11 (1.08 to 1.14)

1.08 (1.06 to 1.11)

1.08 (1.05 to 1.10)

Occupation

    

  Does not work

Reference

-

-

-

  Works outside home

0.89 (0.72 to 1.10)

0.82 (0.65 to1.03)

0.77 (0.67 to 0.88)

0.80 (0.70 to 0.92)

  1. Abbreviations: SES = Socioeconomic Status; MUAC = Mid Upper Arm Circumference.
  2. aPre-hypertension defined by systolic blood pressure ≥ 120 mmHg but ≤140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure was ≥ 80 mmHg but ≤90 mmHg.
  3. bAdjusted for all other variables in the table.
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