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Table 2 Australian adults 16–85 years: proportion who smoke by mental health status and socioeconomic factors

From: Smoking, mental illness and socioeconomic disadvantage: analysis of the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing

Parameter

12 month mental illness

Lifetime mental illness

No mental illness

 

Percent

95% CI

Percent

95% CI

Percent

95% CI

Quintiles of household income—

      

  Lowest quintile

39.5

32.8 - 46.2

32.0

25.2 - 38.7

14.4

11.4 - 17.3

  Second quintile

40.6

31.2 - 50.0

28.0

21.0 - 34.9

14.5

11.0 - 18.0

  Third quintile

35.9

27.7 - 44.0

26.6

20.4 - 32.8

14.4

10.9 - 17.8

  Fourth quintile

31.7

23.5 - 39.9

31.9

26.4 - 37.5

14.2

11.1 - 17.3

  Highest quintile

29.6

21.8 - 37.4

26.8

18.9 - 34.7

9.6

7.0 - 12.1

  Not stated

38.2

29.1 - 47.3

35.4

20.4 - 50.5

14.7

10.4 - 19.0

 

χ2 = 5.83, p = 0.320

χ2 = 3.60, p = 0.612

χ2 = 7.09, p = 0.218

Quintiles of relative socioeconomic disadvantage—

      

  Lowest quintile

44.9

36.4 - 53.4

38.1

30.1 - 46.0

18.9

14.9 - 22.9

  Second quintile

45.1

37.3 - 53.0

32.2

26.3 - 38.2

16.5

13.1 - 20.0

  Third quintile

36.7

28.7 - 44.7

29.2

21.6 - 36.8

12.1

9.1 - 15.2

  Fourth quintile

29.4

22.8 - 36.1

25.1

19.5 - 30.7

13.5

10.1 - 17.0

  Highest quintile

26.0

18.0 - 34.0

26.1

17.8 - 34.3

9.6

7.2 - 12.0

 

χ2 = 19.4, p < 0.001

χ2 = 8.58, p = 0.072

χ2 = 20.4, p < 0.001

Education—

      

  Bachelor degree or higher

23.5

16.7 - 30.3

18.4

11.8 - 25.0

7.7

5.4 - 10.1

  Diploma

38.5

26.3 - 50.7

25.2

12.1 - 38.3

12.9

7.9 - 17.8

  Certificate I/II/III/IV

39.4

32.7 - 46.0

32.7

27.4 - 38.1

14.7

11.2 - 18.2

  Year 12

29.0

21.8 - 36.2

31.7

19.4 - 44.0

15.9

11.5 - 20.3

  Year 11

44.0

29.6 - 58.3

29.8

17.1 - 42.4

16.7

9.5 - 24.0

  Year 10

41.8

31.5 - 52.1

39.7

30.2 - 49.1

15.2

11.3 - 19.0

  Year 9 or below

45.0

33.4 - 56.7

35.9

26.6 - 45.1

15.7

12.1 - 19.3

 

χ2 = 19.0, p = 0.004

χ2 = 17.4, p = 0.008

χ2 = 17.2, p = 0.008

Whether ever been homeless—

      

  Yes

63.6

51.6 - 75.7

67.7

58.1 - 77.3

31.5

12.5 - 50.5

  No

33.7

30.1 - 37.4

28.2

24.8 - 31.6

13.5

12.1 - 15.0

 

χ2 = 23.6, p < 0.001

χ2 = 61.8, p < 0.001

χ2 = 7.2, p = 0.007

Whether ever in gaol, prison or correctional facility—

      

  Yes

80.0

70.1 - 89.9

63.3

46.6 - 80.1

35.5

5.9 - 65.0

  No

33.9

30.4 - 37.4

28.5

25.1 - 32.0

13.5

12.1 - 14.9

 

χ2 = 67.5, p < 0.001

χ2 = 19.0, p < 0.001

χ2 = 5.75, p = 0.016

Registered marital status—

      

  Never married

46.3

41.4 - 51.3

40.5

33.9 - 47.1

17.4

15.1 - 19.8

  Married

25.0

19.2 - 30.8

22.2

17.4 - 27.0

10.3

8.6 - 12.0

  Widowed

16.1

3.5 - 28.8

19.0

9.2 - 28.9

10.8

8.2 - 13.5

  Divorced

37.5

28.2 - 46.8

40.1

30.3 - 49.8

23.6

16.1 - 31.0

  Separated

44.4

35.2 - 53.6

38.0

22.5 - 53.5

36.6

24.4 - 48.8

 

χ2 = 55.3, p < 0.001

χ2 = 39.7, p < 0.001

χ2 = 79.7, p < 0.001

Tenure type—

      

  Owner without a mortgage

26.8

20.2 - 33.5

20.7

15.9 - 25.5

8.2

6.5 - 9.9

  Owner with a mortgage

30.9

25.1 - 36.6

27.0

21.7 - 32.4

14.6

12.1 - 17.1

  Renter

48.2

42.8 - 53.5

43.0

35.2 - 50.9

21.6

17.9 - 25.4

  Other

52.8

31.0 - 74.6

28.7

17.7 - 39.8

16.6

9.4 - 23.9

 

χ2 = 31.3, p < 0.001

χ2 = 33.7, p < 0.001

χ2 = 55.7, p < 0.001

Financial difficulties—

      

  Yes

50.1

43.7 - 56.6

41.9

35.2 - 48.7

25.8

18.1 - 33.5

  No

30.7

26.6 - 34.7

27.6

23.8 - 31.4

12.5

11.2 - 13.8

 

χ2 = 27.9 p < 0.001

χ2 = 14.4, p < 0.001

χ2 = 20.9, p < 0.001

Labour force status—

      

  Employed

36.0

31.6 - 40.5

30.4

26.9 - 34.0

14.9

12.8 - 16.9

  Unemployed

57.8

40.2 - 75.3

74.3

44.8 - 100.0

31.1

18.8 - 43.4

  Not in the labour force

33.7

26.9 - 40.5

23.7

19.4 - 27.9

10.5

8.8 - 12.1

 

χ2 = 6.21, p = 0.045

χ2 = 23.2, p < 0.001

χ2 = 27.6, p < 0.001

Occupation of main job—

      

  Managers

26.3

16.3 - 36.4

20.4

14.7 - 26.1

12.9

8.6 - 17.1

  Professionals

21.9

13.6 - 30.2

21.0

12.3 - 29.7

7.6

5.2 - 10.1

  Technicians and Trades Workers

44.7

34.8 - 54.5

36.9

26.4 - 47.4

17.5

11.8 - 23.3

  Community and Personal Services

39.3

26.4 - 52.3

21.8

13.0 - 30.7

20.2

12.9 - 27.5

  Clerical and Administrative Workers

33.3

22.9 - 43.8

35.3

23.5 - 47.1

13.2

8.8 - 17.6

  Sales Workers

38.4

25.1 - 51.7

19.8

9.5 - 30.0

14.9

7.9 - 21.9

  Machinery Operators And Drivers

39.0

17.4 - 60.6

41.5

27.9 - 55.2

27.2

17.3 - 37.2

  Labourers

55.9

45.3 - 66.4

53.9

41.4 - 66.3

20.1

11.7 - 28.5

  Not applicable

36.7

30.5 - 42.8

28.0

22.5 - 33.5

11.6

9.8 - 13.4

 

χ2 = 26.7, p < 0.001

χ2 = 42.1, p < 0.001

χ2 = 36.5, p < 0.001

Family composition of household—

      

  Couple with dependent children

32.9

25.9 - 40.0

23.5

18.3 - 28.7

10.2

7.7 - 12.7

  One parent with dependent children

36.0

25.4 - 46.6

32.4

20.4 - 44.4

25.0

16.2 - 33.9

  Couple only

27.9

21.7 - 34.2

24.2

20.8 - 27.6

10.3

8.7 - 12.0

  Other one family households

44.8

33.6 - 56.1

44.8

33.6 - 56.0

21.7

16.1 - 27.3

  Multiple family households

38.4

15.5 - 61.2

40.5

1.6 - 79.3

20.3

9.1 - 31.5

  Lone person household

38.2

34.2 - 42.3

33.8

29.2 - 38.5

15.1

13.0 - 17.1

  Group household

49.9

34.2 - 65.6

39.6

13.1 - 66.1

25.3

14.6 - 36.0

 

χ2 = 14.3, p = 0.030

χ2 = 20.3, p = 0.002

χ2 = 55.0, p < 0.001

Main source of income—

      

  Employee cash income

35.7

31.3 - 40.2

31.3

26.9 - 35.7

15.0

12.8 - 17.3

  Unincorporated business cash income

31.9

16.3 - 47.6

23.1

9.9 - 36.4

12.1

7.7 - 16.5

  Government pensions & allowances

43.4

36.9 - 49.9

32.9

25.6 - 40.2

13.1

10.5 - 15.6

  Other cash income

25.8

11.4 - 40.2

19.7

10.6 - 28.9

9.0

5.7 - 12.4

  None of the above

22.1

8.8 - 35.4

28.4

9.6 - 47.1

13.4

7.8 - 19.1

 

χ2 = 10.7, p = 0.030

χ2 = 5.39, p = 0.250

χ2 = 8.4, p = 0.079

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