Table 2 Characteristics of case and control groups
From: Dietary patterns and risk of colorectal cancer in Tehran Province: a case–control study
Variable | Control (N=142) n (%) | Case (N=71) n (%) | **P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Female | 72(50.7) | 36(50.3) | * |
Male | 70(49.3) | 35(49.3) | |
Age (years) | |||
Male (M ± SD) | 59.93±10.46† | 59.9 ± 10.14†† | * |
Female (M ± SD) | 55.99±10.29 | 55.65 ±10.36 | |
Level of education | 0.147 | ||
No formal education | 36(25.4) | 28 (39.4) | |
Elementary | 45(31.7) | 22 (31.0) | |
Junior/Senior high school | 19 (9.2) | 7 (9.9) | |
Diploma/ College/University | 42(29.6) | 14 (19.7) | |
Occupation | 0.776 | ||
Employed/Government | 14( 9.9 ) | 6 (8.5) | |
Employed/Private | 15(10.6) | 10(14.1) | |
Housewife(unemployed ) | 58(40.8) | 33(46.5) | |
Retired | 26(18.3) | 11(15.5) | |
Self-employed | 29(20.4) | 11(15.5) | |
Total household Income | |||
< $ 425 | 83(58.5) | 46(78.8) | |
≥ $ 425 | 59(41.5) | 25(21.2) | |
M ± SD | 471.07 ± 285.4 | 413.20 ± 237.7 | 0.141 |
Family history of CRC in first degree | 2(1.4) | 7 (9.9) | 0.004 |
Family history of CRC in second degree | 1(0.7) | 6 (8.5) | 0.003 |
Smoking status | 0.948 | ||
Never | 103(72.7) | 50 (70.6) | |
Former smoker, (pack/year) < 20 | 9 (6.3) | 7 (9.8) | |
Former smoker, (pack/year) ≥ 20 | 8 (5.6) | 2 (2.8) | |
Current smoker, (pack/year) < 20 | 13 (9.1) | 5 (7.0) | |
Current smoker, (pack/year) ≥ 20 | 9 (6.3) | 7 (9.8) | |
Physical activity | 0.498 | ||
Active | 73 (51.4) | 33 (46.5) | |
Sedentary | 69 (48.6) | 38 (53.5) | |
Common ways of cooking meat | 0.282 | ||
Fried | 28 (19.7) | 20 (28.2) | |
Fried /Boiling | 71 (50.0) | 35 (49.3) | |
Smoking/Grilling | 43 (30.3) | 16 (22.5) | |
Common ways of preparing vegetable | 0.148 | ||
Raw/ fresh | 78 (54.9) | 29 (40.8) | |
Boiled | 18 (12.7) | 8 (11.3) | |
Fried, Fried / freezed | 46(32.4) | 34(47.9) | |
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use | |||
Ibuprofen | 22 (15.5) | 5 (7.1) | 0.081 |
Aspirin | 16(11.3) | 1(1.4) | 0.012 |
Acetaminophen | 29(20.42) | 4(5.6) | 0.049 |
Baby aspirin | 19(13.4) | 15(21.1) | 0.146 |
Vitamin use | 18(12.7) | 7(9.85) | 0.547 |
Mineral use | 36(25.3) | 8(11.3) | 0.017 |
Body mass index (Kg/m2) | |||
≤ 24.9 | 48(33.7) | 22(32.8) | |
> 24.9 | 94(66.3) | 49(67.2) | |
Mean BMI | 26.67± 4.2 | 27.23 ± 4.2 | 0.361 |
Energy Intake (kcal/d) (M ± SD) | 2063 ± 40.7 | 2212 ± 50.7 | 0.045 |