From: The social ecology of water in a Mumbai slum: failures in water quality, quantity, and reliability
Water contamination indicator | Study period | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Winter | Summer | Monsoon | System failure | |
Tap water samples (“point-of-source” water) | ||||
Chawl taps1 (n = 4) | ||||
Samples with coliforms | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (25) | -- |
n (%) | ||||
Samples with E. coli | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (25) | -- |
n (%) | ||||
Dharavi taps2 (n = 4) | ||||
Samples with coliforms | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | -- |
n (%) | ||||
Samples with E. coli | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | -- |
n (%) | ||||
Kaula Bandar motors and tap (n = 4) | ||||
Samples with coliforms | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (50) | -- |
n (%) | ||||
Samples with E. coli | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | -- |
n (%) | ||||
Reay Road tap3 (n = 1) | ||||
Samples with coliforms | -- | -- | -- | 0 (0) |
n (%) | ||||
Samples with E. coli | -- | -- | -- | 0 (0) |
n (%) | ||||
Kaula Bandar hose samples (“distribution network” water, n = 6) | ||||
Samples with coliforms | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 3 (50) | -- |
n (%) | ||||
Samples with E. coli | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (16.7) | -- |
n (%) | ||||
Kaula Bandar household level samples (“point-of-use” water) | ||||
Drinking Water (n = 21) | ||||
Samples with coliforms | 3 (14.3) | 11 (52.4) | 16 (76.2) | 5 (23.8) |
n (%) | ||||
Coliform counts for contaminated samples in cfu/100 mL4 | 74.3 (36.5) | 16.9 (8.2) | 43.1 (8.5) | 20.8 (9.8) |
Mean (SD) | ||||
Samples with E. coli | 1 (4.8) | 9 (42.9) | 6 (28.6) | 5 (23.8) |
n (%) | ||||
Storage water (n = 21) | ||||
Samples with coliforms | 7 (33.3) | 10 (47.6) | 15 (71.4) | 8 (38.1) |
n (%) | ||||
Coliform counts for contaminated samples in cfu/100 mL4 | 45.7 (34.8) | 19.5 (10.1) | 40.6 (6.7) | 21.1 (7.1) |
Mean (SD) | ||||
Samples with E. coli | 3 (21.4) | 7 (33.3) | 4 (19.0) | 8 (38.1) |
n (%) |