Variable | Control | Fish | Fish + S | Difference between groups | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Value | n | Value | n | Value | Effect | pvalue* | |
Energy (kJ) | ||||||||
Baseline | 39 | 9230 ± 2930 | 39 | 10190 ± 3970 | 40 | 10480 ± 3320 | Time | < 0.001 |
3 months | 29 | 6600 ± 1510 | 29 | 6640 ± 1550 | 28 | 6350 ± 1240 | Group | 0.581 |
12 months | 18 | 7330 ± 1750 | 25 | 6760 ± 1750 | 21 | 6700 ± 1490 | Interaction | 0.185 |
%E from protein | ||||||||
Baseline | 39 | 19.5 ± 3.5 | 39 | 17.8 ± 3.2 | 40 | 18.1 ± 3.1 | Time | < 0.001 |
3 months | 29 | 23.1 ± 4.1 | 29 | 22.4 ± 3.2 | 28 | 21.9 ± 2.7 | Group | 0.075 |
12 months | 18 | 22.5 ± 3.9 | 25 | 21.2 ± 3.8 | 21 | 21.6 ± 3.2 | Interaction | 0.833 |
%E from fat | ||||||||
Baseline | 39 | 32.4 ± 5.3 | 39 | 35.5 ± 5.9 | 40 | 34.9 ± 6.5 | Time | < 0.001 |
3 months | 29 | 25.0 ± 6.2 | 29 | 27.0 ± 6.3 | 28 | 24.9 ± 4.3 | Group | 0.015 |
12 months | 18 | 24.4 ± 5.6 | 25 | 29.1 ± 7.1 | 21 | 26.9 ± 5.8 | Interaction | 0.366 |
%E from saturated fat | ||||||||
Baseline | 39 | 12.2 ± 3.0 | 39 | 12.7 ± 3.0 | 40 | 13.0 ± 4.0 | Time | < 0.001 |
3 months | 29 | 8.1 ± 2.2 | 29 | 8.0 ± 2.2 | 28 | 7.6 ± 1.6 | Group | 0.800 |
12 months | 18 | 8.5 ± 2.9 | 25 | 8.7 ± 2.7 | 21 | 8.6 ± 2.7 | Interaction | 0.727 |
%E from polyunsaturated fats | ||||||||
Baseline | 39 | 5.2 ± 1.9 | 39 | 13.9 ± 3.1 | 40 | 13.6 ± 3.5 | Time | 0.570 |
3 months | 29 | 4.4 ± 2.1 | 29 | 9.6 ± 2.5 | 28 | 9.3 ± 2.2 | Group | < 0.001 |
12 months | 18 | 3.9 ± 1.1 | 25 | 11.3 ± 3.8 | 21 | 9.9 ± 3.1 | Interaction | 0.153 |
%E from monounsaturated fats | ||||||||
Baseline | 39 | 12.0 ± 2.5 | 39 | 13.9 ± 3.1 | 40 | 13.6 ± 3.5 | Time | < 0.001 |
3 months | 29 | 9.8 ± 3.3 | 29 | 9.6 ± 2.5 | 28 | 9.3 ± 2.2 | Group | 0.075 |
12 months | 18 | 9.3 ± 2.5 | 25 | 11.3 ± 3.8 | 21 | 9.9 ± 3.0 | Interaction | 0.039 |
P:S ratio | ||||||||
Baseline | 39 | 0.47 ± 0.24 | 39 | 0.50 ± 0.22 | 40 | 0.45 ± 0.19 | Time | < 0.001 |
3 months | 29 | 0.58 ± 0.31 | 29 | 0.88 ± 0.45 | 28 | 0.72 ± 0.29 | Group | 0.007 |
12 months | 18 | 0.50 ± 0.21 | 25 | 0.78 ± 0.59 | 21 | 0.73 ± 0.42 | Interaction | 0.061 |
Long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (mg)†‡ | ||||||||
Baseline | 39 | 292 (195 – 760) | 39 | 310 (198 – 446) | 40 | 310 (167 – 474) | Time | 0.085 |
3 months | 29 | 314 (178 – 456) | 29 | 430 (219 – 917) | 28 | 512 (272 – 706) | Group | 0.595 |
12 months | 18 | 393 (195 – 521) | 25 | 421 (129 – 675) | 21 | 355 (178 – 815) | Interaction | 0.034 |
%E from carbohydrates | ||||||||
Baseline | 39 | 41.5 ± 6.0 | 39 | 40.8 ± 6.1 | 40 | 43.4 ± 6.8 | Time | < 0.001 |
3 months | 29 | 43.2 ± 10.9 | 29 | 44.7 ± 7.3 | 28 | 47.8 ± 5.5 | Group | 0.026 |
12 months | 18 | 45.6 ± 6.0 | 25 | 43.4 ± 6.6 | 21 | 46.1 ± 4.9 | Interaction | 0.457 |
%E from alcohol | ||||||||
Baseline | 39 | 4.9 ± 5.2 | 39 | 4.3 ± 4.3 | 40 | 2.3 ± 3.4 | Time | 0.611 |
3 months | 29 | 4.8 ± 4.8 | 29 | 3.5 ± 3.8 | 28 | 2.9 ± 4.3 | Group | 0.159 |
12 months | 18 | 5.4 ± 6.0 | 25 | 4.0 ± 5.0 | 21 | 3.0 ± 3.9 | Interaction | 0.218 |
Dietary cholesterol (mg) | ||||||||
Baseline | 39 | 308 ± 135 | 39 | 322 ± 222 | 40 | 312 ± 113 | Time | < 0.001 |
3 months | 29 | 213 ± 68 | 29 | 211 ± 64 | 28 | 191 ± 64 | Group | 0.827 |
12 months | 18 | 242 ± 89 | 25 | 191 ± 63 | 21 | 209 ± 73 | Interaction | 0.885 |
Dietary fibre (g) | ||||||||
Baseline | 39 | 25.7 ± 8.4 | 39 | 28.5 ± 9.4 | 40 | 28.6 ± 12.4 | Time | 0.008 |
3 months | 29 | 23.9 ± 6.1 | 29 | 25.6 ± 5.9 | 28 | 26.1 ± 4.9 | Group | 0.535 |
12 months | 18 | 25.2 ± 5.8 | 25 | 25.1 ± 6.5 | 21 | 25.3 ± 5.7 | Interaction | 0.855 |