Skip to main content

Table 4 Reported daily energy, macronutrient and fibre intakes at baseline, 3 months and 12 months

From: Foods, nutrients or whole diets: effects of targeting fish and LCn3PUFA consumption in a 12mo weight loss trial

Variable

Control

Fish

Fish + S

Difference between groups

n

Value

n

Value

n

Value

Effect

pvalue*

Energy (kJ)

 

Baseline

39

9230 ± 2930

39

10190 ± 3970

40

10480 ± 3320

Time

< 0.001

3 months

29

6600 ± 1510

29

6640 ± 1550

28

6350 ± 1240

Group

0.581

12 months

18

7330 ± 1750

25

6760 ± 1750

21

6700 ± 1490

Interaction

0.185

%E from protein

 

Baseline

39

19.5 ± 3.5

39

17.8 ± 3.2

40

18.1 ± 3.1

Time

< 0.001

3 months

29

23.1 ± 4.1

29

22.4 ± 3.2

28

21.9 ± 2.7

Group

0.075

12 months

18

22.5 ± 3.9

25

21.2 ± 3.8

21

21.6 ± 3.2

Interaction

0.833

%E from fat

 

Baseline

39

32.4 ± 5.3

39

35.5 ± 5.9

40

34.9 ± 6.5

Time

< 0.001

3 months

29

25.0 ± 6.2

29

27.0 ± 6.3

28

24.9 ± 4.3

Group

0.015

12 months

18

24.4 ± 5.6

25

29.1 ± 7.1

21

26.9 ± 5.8

Interaction

0.366

%E from saturated fat

 

Baseline

39

12.2 ± 3.0

39

12.7 ± 3.0

40

13.0 ± 4.0

Time

< 0.001

3 months

29

8.1 ± 2.2

29

8.0 ± 2.2

28

7.6 ± 1.6

Group

0.800

12 months

18

8.5 ± 2.9

25

8.7 ± 2.7

21

8.6 ± 2.7

Interaction

0.727

%E from polyunsaturated fats

 

Baseline

39

5.2 ± 1.9

39

13.9 ± 3.1

40

13.6 ± 3.5

Time

0.570

3 months

29

4.4 ± 2.1

29

9.6 ± 2.5

28

9.3 ± 2.2

Group

< 0.001

12 months

18

3.9 ± 1.1

25

11.3 ± 3.8

21

9.9 ± 3.1

Interaction

0.153

%E from monounsaturated fats

 

Baseline

39

12.0 ± 2.5

39

13.9 ± 3.1

40

13.6 ± 3.5

Time

< 0.001

3 months

29

9.8 ± 3.3

29

9.6 ± 2.5

28

9.3 ± 2.2

Group

0.075

12 months

18

9.3 ± 2.5

25

11.3 ± 3.8

21

9.9 ± 3.0

Interaction

0.039

P:S ratio

 

Baseline

39

0.47 ± 0.24

39

0.50 ± 0.22

40

0.45 ± 0.19

Time

< 0.001

3 months

29

0.58 ± 0.31

29

0.88 ± 0.45

28

0.72 ± 0.29

Group

0.007

12 months

18

0.50 ± 0.21

25

0.78 ± 0.59

21

0.73 ± 0.42

Interaction

0.061

Long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (mg)†‡

 

Baseline

39

292 (195 – 760)

39

310 (198 – 446)

40

310 (167 – 474)

Time

0.085

3 months

29

314 (178 – 456)

29

430 (219 – 917)

28

512 (272 – 706)

Group

0.595

12 months

18

393 (195 – 521)

25

421 (129 – 675)

21

355 (178 – 815)

Interaction

0.034

%E from carbohydrates

 

Baseline

39

41.5 ± 6.0

39

40.8 ± 6.1

40

43.4 ± 6.8

Time

< 0.001

3 months

29

43.2 ± 10.9

29

44.7 ± 7.3

28

47.8 ± 5.5

Group

0.026

12 months

18

45.6 ± 6.0

25

43.4 ± 6.6

21

46.1 ± 4.9

Interaction

0.457

%E from alcohol

 

Baseline

39

4.9 ± 5.2

39

4.3 ± 4.3

40

2.3 ± 3.4

Time

0.611

3 months

29

4.8 ± 4.8

29

3.5 ± 3.8

28

2.9 ± 4.3

Group

0.159

12 months

18

5.4 ± 6.0

25

4.0 ± 5.0

21

3.0 ± 3.9

Interaction

0.218

Dietary cholesterol (mg)

 

Baseline

39

308 ± 135

39

322 ± 222

40

312 ± 113

Time

< 0.001

3 months

29

213 ± 68

29

211 ± 64

28

191 ± 64

Group

0.827

12 months

18

242 ± 89

25

191 ± 63

21

209 ± 73

Interaction

0.885

Dietary fibre (g)

 

Baseline

39

25.7 ± 8.4

39

28.5 ± 9.4

40

28.6 ± 12.4

Time

0.008

3 months

29

23.9 ± 6.1

29

25.6 ± 5.9

28

26.1 ± 4.9

Group

0.535

12 months

18

25.2 ± 5.8

25

25.1 ± 6.5

21

25.3 ± 5.7

Interaction

0.855

  1. Values are expressed as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range).
  2. P:S ratio, polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid ratio.
  3. *Linear mixed model, significance at p = 0.05.
  4. †Ln transformed.
  5. ‡LC n-3 includes: 20:3n3 (eicosatrienoic acid), 20:5n3 (eicosapentaenoic acid), 22:5n3 (docosapentaenoic acid) and 22:6n3 (docosahexaenoic acid). Dietary data did not include supplementation.