Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of the study participants
From: The oral health of heroin drug users: case study in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Socio-demographic characteristics and oral hygiene habits | Bad oral health | Good oral health | p |
|---|---|---|---|
(n = 270) | (n = 249) | ||
Age (years), mean ± SD | 30.6 ± 7.5 | 26.8 ± 5.7 | <0.001* |
Gender, n (%) | 0.345 | ||
Males | 254 (94.1) | 229 (92.0) | |
Females | 16 (5.9) | 20 (8.0) | |
Level of education, n (%) | <0.001* | ||
No education | 16 (5.9) | 9 (3.6) | |
Primary | 96 (35.6) | 38 (15.3) | |
Secondary | 152 (56.3) | 196 (78.7) | |
College/Faculty | 6 (2.2) | 6 (2.4) | |
Marital status, n (%) | 0.256 | ||
Married | 42 (15.6) | 35 (14.1) | |
Permanent relationship | 64 (23.7) | 75 (30.1) | |
Single | 164 (60.7) | 139 (55.8) | |
Employment status, n (%) | 0.001* | ||
Full – time job | 7 (2.6) | 21 (8.4) | |
Part – time job | 13 (4.8) | 17 (6.8) | |
Unemployed | 249 (92.2) | 204 (81.9) | |
Student | 1 (0.4) | 7 (2.8) | |
Housing, n (%) | 0.130 | ||
House/apartment (own or parents’) | 209 (71.4) | 206 (82.7) | |
Other | 61 (22.6) | 43 (17.3) | |
Duration of drug injection (years), median (range) | 6 (0 – 33) | 3 (0 – 23) | <0.001* |
Frequency of drug injection in last month, mean ± SD | 5.7 ± 2.1 | 5.2 ± 2.1 | 0.009* |
Frequency of teeth brushing, n (%) | <0.001* | ||
Do not brush teeth | 59 (21.9) | 6 (2.4) | |
Brush teeth but not every day | 70 (25.9) | 32 (12.9) | |
Once a day | 73 (27.0) | 88 (35.3) | |
Twice a day | 52 (19.3) | 98 (39.4) | |
After every meal | 16 (5.9) | 25 (10.0) | |
Regular checkups at the dentist, n (%) | <0.001* | ||
Do not go | 262 (97.0) | 218 (87.6) | |
Go | 8 (3.0) | 31 (12.4) |