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Table 1 Characteristics of participants by VCT use indicators

From: Community stigma endorsement and voluntary counseling and testing behavior and attitudes among female heads of household in Zambézia Province, Mozambique

Variablea

Lifetime VCT Use

Past-6-Months VCT Use

Endorsement of VCT use

% never accessed

% accessed

P-value

% never accessed

% accessed

P-value

% not important

% important

P-value

(n = 3260)

(n = 489)

 

(n = 3375)

(n = 374)

 

(n = 393)

(n = 676)

Reside in isolated districtb

41.0

37.5

<0.001

59.2

62.6

0.007

57.1

63.9

0.017

Understand Portuguese

36.6

49.6

<0.001

36.7

53.6

<0.001

42.6

49.0

0.002

Marital status

  

0.063

  

0.010

  

0.951

 Married

74.9

69.8

 

73.7

75.9

 

73.5

71.3

 

 Divorced/separated

3.8

4.0

 

4.0

2.%

 

6.

3.3

 

 Single

17.0

19.1

 

18.0

13.9

 

16.7

18.1

 

 Widowed

4.3

7.1

 

4.4

7.5

 

3.5

7.3

 

Religion

  

0.393

  

0.898

  

0.088

 Catholic

45.0

41.4

 

45.4

37.6

 

42.7

44.7

 

 Protestant

13.7

20.1

 

13.8

21.6

 

10.5

16.8

 

 Evangelical/Pentecostal

15.7

20.2

 

16.1

19.1

 

14.1

16.4

 

 Other Christianc

3.9

6.2

 

3.8

7.5

 

5.2

8.3

 

 Muslim

9.9

4.4

 

9.7

4.0

 

14.2

4.8

 

 Non-Christian Eastern

2.9

1.0

 

2.7

1.2

 

1.7

1.9

 

 Otherc

8.9

6.8

 

8.4

9.0

 

11.6

7.2

 

HIV infection of self, relative and/or friend

8.0

25.2

<0.001

8.5

28.1

<0.001

9.8

24.9

<0.001

Accessed health facility

70.6

87.8

<0.001

71.7

87.0

<0.001

82.8

83.4

0.002

Accessed pharmacy

19.6

29.5

<0.001

19.8

31.6

<0.001

32.0

34.3

0.092

Accessed traditional healer

43.4

46.6

0.005

44.6

40.2

0.108

41.7

50.6

0.005

Believes ART helps people with HIV to be healthier

20.4

64.5

<0.001

22.7

65.1

<0.001

26.1

65.9

<0.001

Believes in alternative treatments for HIV

5.7

18.1

<0.001

6.3

19.0

<0.001

5.9

17.4

<0.001

Perceived chance of becoming infected with HIV

  

<0.001

  

<0.001

  

0.036

 Don’t know

54.1

40.5

 

53.7

37.7

 

60.9

39.4

 

 No chance

25.1

15.8

 

24.1

18.6

 

15.3

22.2

 

 Small chance

15.3

26.4

 

15.4

29.7

 

14.7

23.1

 

 Good chance

4.8

9.6

 

5.8

5.3

 

5.5

9.9

 
 

Median (IQR) a

Median (IQR)

 

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

 

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

 

Age (years)

29 (23–38)

26 (22–35)

<0.001

29 (23–38)

25 (22–33)

<0.001

28 (23–35)

26 (23–34)

0.004

Education (years)

1 (0–4)

3 (0–5)

<0.001

1 (0–4)

4 (0–5)

<0.001

2 (0–4)

3 (0–6)

<0.001

Distance to clinic (km)

7.2 (4.1 - 10.4)

4.3 (0.6-9.3)

<0.001

7.2 (3.9-10.4)

4.1 (0.6 - 9.3)

<0.001

6.1 (3–9.4)

4.6 (0.6-9.1)

0.006

Negative labeling and devaluation

38 (29–50)

33 (26–48)

0.496

38 (29–50)

37 (30–48)

0.859

44 (33–53)

38 (29–48)

0.788

Social exclusion

47 (33–67)

40 (27–56)

<0.001

47 (33–60)

40 (26–53)

<0.001

47 (32–67)

40 (27–53)

<0.001

  1. [a] Continuous variables were analyzed as weighted estimates of medians (interquartile range), with each observation weighted by the inverse of the household sampling probability. Categorical variables were analyzed as weighted percentages, with each observation being weighted by the inverse of the household sampling probability. Tests of association with VCT outcomes (binary) were conducted using the rank sum test (continuous) or chi-square test (categorical).
  2. [b] Isolated districts include Inhassunge, Milange, Morrumbala, Mopeia, Gile, Maganja da Costa and Lugela.
  3. [c] ‘Other Christian’ includes LDS Mormon and Jehovah’s Witness. ‘Other’ includes Spiritual, Traditional Religions, and Agnostic or Atheist.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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