The effect of psychosocial stress on single mothers’ smoking

BMC Public Health

Table 4 Effects of perceived psychosocial stress on moderate and heavy smoking pattern

	Non- smoking		Moderate smoking		Heavy smoking		Moderate smoking		Heavy smoking
High psychosocial stress due to…	%	n	%	n	%	n	OR	CI 95%	OR	CI 95%
financial worries	23.5	470	33.3	197	44.8	147	1.22	0.78-1.89	2.54	1.53-4.20
career situation/unemployment	18.3	363	24.4	145	31.9	105	1.39	1.06-1.81	1.64	1.15-2.33
conflicts with the partner or ex-partner	14.5	290	19.0	113	22.4	73	1.47	1.10-1.97	1.69	1.15-2.49
sole responsibility for the child/ren	19.9	395	25.4	151	34.3	113	1.47	1.11-1.95	1.63	1.12-2.38
child-rearing difficulties	18.3	361	18.4	109	27.8	91	1.02	0.76-1.35	1.54	1.08-2.19
unwanted living alone/loneliness	6.1	121	6.4	38	16.3	53	1.14	0.55-2.34	2.99	1.48-6.04
little recognition of family work	16.2	324	15.8	94	27.2	89	1.13	0.84-1.52	2.19	1.55-3.09
a family member in need of care	6.0	118	4.9	29	11.0	36	0.96	0.61-1.52	2.10	1.29-3.43
conflicts with other family members	11.4	226	10.6	63	16.1	52	1.16	0.84-1.60	1.60	1.06-2.41
household requirements	26.3	523	22.3	132	27.7	91	1.07	0.84-1.37	1.19	0.85-1.66
family demands	29.8	593	29.4	175	29.5	97	1.27	1.00-1.60	1.29	0.93-1.78
a disabled or chronically ill child	4.8	95	4.7	28	5.8	19	1.12	0.69-1.83	0.86	0.41-1.79
balancing family and job demands	16.9	336	16.4	97	21.0	69	1.23	0.92-1.64	1.23	0.83-1.83

Notes: Results of logistic regression analysis adjusted for single motherhood, interaction term between single motherhood and stressors, mother’s age and age of youngest child. Moderate smoking = < 20 cig./day, heavy smoking = ≥ 20 cig./day (reference category = non-smoking), high psychosocial stress = categories 4 and 5 of response format (reference categories = 1 to 3), OR = odds ratio, CI 95% = 95% confidence interval. Bold values indicate significant effects.

ISSN: 1471-2458