Table 2 Study characteristics

Bondy 2011 [27]

Canada

Qualitative: An analysis of discussion board posts

To understand social context and smoking restrictions and identify barriers and facilitators to achieving smoke-free workplaces

Construction

250

89

NR

Restrictions on smoking in the workplace

Adequate

Borland 1997 [28]

Australia

Quantitative: Questionnaire

To understand employees’ beliefs and opinions about their own smoking and the smoking ban

Medium-sized workplaces

794

50

“High blue collar percentage”

Restrictions on smoking in the workplace

Adequate

Croucher 2007 [29]

UK

Qualitative: Focus groups and individual semi-structured interviews

To understand the issues of creating smoke-free work environment, and controlling the availability of alternatives

Catering

81

100

Aged 18–65, Bangladeshi

Proposed restrictions on smoking in the workplace

Adequate

Eadie 2010 [30]

UK

Qualitative: Individual in-depth interviews

To understand the impact of smoking legislation within the bar community

Service/Hospitality

26

38

Aged 30-49 = 69%

Restrictions on smoking in the workplace

Adequate

Fisher 1994 [31]

USA

Quantitative: Survey

To understand employees’ perceptions of social support

Clerical, ManufacturingProfessional services

98

NR

NR

Self-help materials, support groups

Inadequate

Glasgow 1991 [32]

USA

Quantitative

To assess attitudes and beliefs about smoking, awareness of smoking control activities, and participation in these activities

Wholesale, Service, Manufacturing

Unclear

50

NR

Presentations, workshops, contests/competitions; self-help materials; worksite networks

Adequate

Harley 2010 [33]

USA

Qualitative: Discussion groups facilitated by a semi-structured topic guide

To understand employees’ experiences of smoking and healthy eating

Construction/Labouring

300

90

“Blue collar workers”; majority white

Telephone counselling, some support groups

Adequate

Hunt 2007 [34]

USA

Quantitative: Survey

To identify factors predictive of teen smoking and to record participants’ experiences of an intervention

Retail

252

52

Majority (64%) white

Contests, games, demonstrations, peer leaders and advisory boards at work; incentives; educational materials; materials in break rooms

Adequate

Janke 2010 [26]

USA

Qualitative: In-depth interviews

To understand the current climate of tobacco control in the military

Military

52

17

NR

Restrictions and bans

Adequate

Kim 2011 [35]

USA

Qualitative: A series of open-ended questions by telephone interview

To understand how and why incentives were or were not effective

NR: “A multinational”

36

NR

NR

Financial incentives

Adequate

Olsen 1991 [36]

USA

Quantitative: Survey

To examine recidivism among 6-month quitters

Chemical industry

Subset of 1258

90

NR for the subset

Buddy program, self-help materials, group clinics, nicotine gum, incentive prizes

Adequate

Osuchow-ski 2009 [37]

Poland

Quantitative: Survey

To understand employees’ perceptions of risk from smoking, their expectations of employer, and willingness to join programmes

“A large plant”

1412

NR

NR

Unspecified: The principle of a workplace smoking cessation programme

Inadequate Abstract only

Powell 1993 [38]

USA

Quantitative: Survey

Unclear

Manufacturing

622

NR

25% blue collar; 75% white collar

Guided self-help materials, telephone counselling, cigarette “props”, eg. cigarette pencil, “urge zapper”, etc.

Inadequate

Styles 1998 [39]

UK

Quantitative: Questionnaire

To understand smoking behaviour and cessation intentions of smokers

Retail, Service, Heavy Industry, white collar

242

59

Age range: 17–64 years

Restrictions on smoking in the workplace

Adequate

Tiede 2007 [40]

USA

Qualitative: Focus groups with detailed question guide

To understand perceived workplace pressures to quit and attitudes towards existing cessation resources and initiatives

Manufacturing/Labour, Service/Hospitality

59

31

NR

Unspecified: The principle of a workplace smoking cessation programme

Adequate