Parent–child relationship | Alcohol use | Consistency of findingsc (no of findings in high quality studies) | Level of evidence |
---|---|---|---|
Protectivea | Initiation of (monthly) use | 6 s (0), 16 ns (1) | Inconclusive |
Frequency and/or amount of use | 7 s (2), 21 ns (11) | Weak | |
(Initiation of) heavy drinking | 4 s (0), 5 ns (2) | Inconclusive | |
Otherd | 0 s (0), 5 ns (2) | Inconclusive | |
Total | 17 (2), 47 (16) | Weak | |
Riskb | Initiation of (monthly) use | 0 s (0), 2 ns (2) | Inconclusive |
Frequency and/or amount of use | 1 s (0), 6 ns (1) | Inconclusive | |
(Initiation of) heavy drinking | 0 s (0), 2 ns (0) | Inconclusive | |
Otherd | 0 s (0), 0 s (0) | Inconclusive | |
Total | 1 s (0), 10 ns (3) | Inconclusive |