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Table 2 Odds ratios (ORs) of having hearing difficulties in men (n=9 287)

From: Self-reported hearing difficulties, main income sources, and socio-economic status; a cross-sectional population-based study in Sweden

 

Model 1: Crude

 

Model 2: Age-adjusteda

 

Model 3: Age- and SES-adjusteda

 

Model 4: Full factoriala,b

Independent variable

 

OR (95% CI)

 

OR (95% CI)

 

OR (95% CI)

 

OR (95% CI)

Age (years)

        

 20-24

 

1

   

1

 

1

 25-34

 

1.39 (1.00-1.94)

   

1.60 (1.14-2.24)

 

1.59 (1.13-2.24)

 35-44

 

1.95 (1.43-2.67)

   

2.33 (1.67-3.24)

 

2.28 (1.63-3.19)

 45-54

 

2.88 (2.12-3.92)

   

3.41 (2.46-4.73)

 

3.28 (2.35-4.56)

 55-64

 

5.95 (4.41-8.02)

   

7.08 (5.14-9.75)

 

6.54 (4.72-9.05)

SES

        

 Professional work level

 

1

 

1

   

1

 Intermediate non-manual work level

 

1.43 (1.13-1.81)

 

1.43 (1.13-1.82)

   

1.39 (1.09-1.76)

 Assistant non-manual work level

 

1.30 (0.97-1.73)

 

1.34 (1.00-1.79)

   

1.25 (0.93-1.67)

 Self-employed non-professional work level

 

1.75 (1.35-2.26)

 

1.59 (1.23-2.07)

   

1.51 (1.16-1.96)

 Skilled manual work level

 

2.11 (1.70-2.64)

 

2.38 (1.90-2.99)

   

2.17 (1.73-2.74)

 Unskilled/semiskilled manual work level

 

1.93 (1.54-2.41)

 

2.19 (1.75-2.75)

   

1.98 (1.57-2.50)

 Students

 

0.76 (0.51-1.13)

 

1.84 (1.21-2.82)

   

1.66 (1.05-2.61)

Type of living area

        

 Urban

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 Semi-urban

 

1.31 (1.13-1.52)

 

1.29 (1.11-1.50)

 

1.19 (1.02-1.39)

 

1.18 (1.01-1.38)

 Sparsely populated

 

1.54 (1.32-1.79)

 

1.41 (1.20-1.65)

 

1.23 (1.05-1.44)

 

1.22 (1.03-1.43)

Country of birth

        

 Sweden

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 Elsewhere

 

0.97 (0.80-1.17)

 

1.01 (0.83-1.23)

 

0.95 (0.78-1.16)

 

0.96 (0.79-1.18)

Main income source

        

 Work

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

1

 Unemployment benefits

 

1.33 (1.03-1.71)

 

1.34 (1.03-1.73)

 

1.23 (0.94-1.60)

 

1.22 (0.94-1.59)

 Sickness benefits/disability pension

2.39 (2.00-2.85)

 

1.55 (1.29-1.87)

 

1.36 (1.13-1.65)

 

1.36 (1.12-1.65)

 Other

 

0.74 (0.57-0.98)

 

1.08 (0.81-1.43)

 

1.07 (0.78-1.45)

 

1.09 (0.80-1.48)

  1. aAge included as a categorical variable. bIncluded independent variables are age, socio-economic status (SES), type of living area, country of birth, and main income source.
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