Section | Examples of Variables | Measures and Standardised Scales |
---|---|---|
A: Disease-related factors | Type of diabetes and Disease duration Glycaemic control, Treatment type, Diabetes Complications & Co-morbidity | Diabetes type verified using NDSS data |
B: Health and Lifestyle | Nutrition Smoking status Alcohol consumption Physical activity Height, Weight, Sleep patterns (2010 only) | Dietary Guidelines for Australian Adults [29] National Drug Strategy Household Survey [30] Frequency-quantity measure# & National Health and Medical Research Council Guidelines [31]. Active Australia Survey [32] & National Physical Activity Guidelines for Australians [33] Body Mass Index adapted from WHO [34] |
C: Quality of Life | Health related quality of life Diabetes-specific quality of life | Euroqol EQ-5D [35] Audit of Diabetes Dependant Quality of Life (ADDQoL) [36, 37] |
D: Disease management | Self-management Compliance with providers recommendations Disease management resources (2010 only) | Patient Activation Measure (PAM) [38] Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (Modified) [39] Chronic Illness Resources Survey (CIRS) [40] |
E: Health care utilisation | Primary care visits Allied health visits Emergency department visits Hospitalisations and reasons | Â |
F: Quality of care | Patient-assessed quality of care Satisfaction with care (access, coordination) Practitioner compliance with guidelines | Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) [41] Australian Diabetes Management in General Practice guidelines [42] |
G: Emotional well-being | Depressive symptomatology Stressful life events Optimism (2009, 2010) Social Support (2009, 2010) | Centre for Epidemiological Studies: Depression Scale (CES-D) [43] Life Orientation Test - Revised (LOT-R) [44] ENRICHED Social Support Inventory (ESSI) [45] |
H: Socio-demographics | Age, Sex, Marital status, Ethnicity, Employment status, Educational status & Household income Private health insurance; Health concession cards, Out of pocket health costs | Derived from Australia's National Health Survey questions [46] |