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Table 5 Sample sizes, rates, and hazard ratios for mortality from all-causes and diseases of the circulatory system among participants aged > = 20 years after excluding prevalent self-reported diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002-2006

From: Combined television viewing and computer use and mortality from all-causes and diseases of the circulatory system among adults in the United States

 

Screen time (hours per day)

 

< 1

1

2

3

4

> = 5

P for trend

All-causes

       

Unweighted no. deaths/no. at risk

21/744

32/967

48/1565

46/1010

22/611

41/719

--

Unweighted person-years

4232

5617

9096

5843

3534

3963

--

Age-adjusted rate/1,000 PY (95% CI)

5.4 (1.1, 9.6)

5.9 (3.0, 8.9)

5.0 (3.8, 6.1)

8.1 (5.3, 10.8)

4.1 (2.1, 6.2)

8.6 (5.8, 11.5)

--

Model 1 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.04 (0.46, 2.34)

1.02 (0.48, 2.14)

1.62 (0.63, 4.12)

0.80 (0.33, 1.94)

1.85 (0.86, 3.98)

0.051

Model 2 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.06 (0.46, 2.40)

1.00 (0.48, 2.09)

1.60 (0.65, 3.95)

0.77 (0.33, 1.81)

1.71 (0.82, 3.57)

0.091

Model 3 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.08 (0.48, 2.45)

0.98 (0.48, 2.01)

1.49 (0.61, 3.64)

0.72 (0.30, 1.72)

1.45 (0.69, 3.06)

0.325

Model 4 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.12 (0.50, 2.53)

1.03 (0.51, 2.09)

1.48 (0.62, 3.52)

0.71 (0.30, 1.68)

1.33 (0.65, 2.74)

0.592

Model 5 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.11 (0.49, 2.53)

1.01 (0.49, 2.08)

1.47 (0.62, 3.50)

0.70 (0.30, 1.64)

1.29 (0.63, 2.64)

0.634

Diseases of the circulatory system

       

Unweighted no. deaths/no. at risk

6/744

8/967

10/1565

15/1010

9/611

15/719

--

Unweighted person-years

4232

5617

9096

5843

3534

3963

--

Age-adjusted rate/1,000 PY (95% CI)

1.1 (0.1, 2.2)

1.1 (0.0, 2.2)

0.6 (0.0, 1.4)

2.3 (0.7, 3.9)

1.3 (0.4, 2.3)

3.5 (1.0, 6.1)

--

Model 1 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.04 (0.19, 5.62)

0.52 (0.11, 2.41)

1.46 (0.42, 5.05)

0.89 (0.25, 3.17)

2.68 (0.83, 8.70)

0.071

Model 2 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.05 (0.19, 5.74)

0.57 (0.12, 2.73)

1.58 (0.45, 5.50)

0.96 (0.27, 3.43)

2.58 (0.80, 8.32)

0.074

Model 3 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.10 (0.21, 5.78)

0.58 (0.12, 2.76)

1.55 (0.42, 5.68)

0.93 (0.26, 3.28)

2.45 (0.72, 8.35)

0.101

Model 4 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.22 (0.22, 6.96)

0.67 (0.14, 3.15)

1.77 (0.50, 6.33)

1.07 (0.29, 3.93)

2.58 (0.75, 8.82)

0.081

Model 5 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.47 (0.24, 8.81)

0.75 (0.16, 3.42)

2.04 (0.54, 7.70)

1.43 (0.34, 6.07)

3.17 (0.86, 11.63)

0.042

  1. CI = confidence interval; PY = person-years
  2. Model 1 is adjusted for age
  3. Model 2 is adjusted for age, gender, race or ethnicity, educational attainment
  4. Model 3 is adjusted for variables in model 2 plus smoking status, leisure-time physical activity, Healthy Eating Index score, and alcohol consumption
  5. Model 4 is adjusted for variables in model 3 plus health status and health insurance coverage
  6. Model 5 is adjusted for variables in model 5 plus body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and HbA1c