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Table 3 Sample sizes, rates, and hazard ratios for mortality from all-causes and diseases of the circulatory system among participants aged > = 20 years, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002-2006

From: Combined television viewing and computer use and mortality from all-causes and diseases of the circulatory system among adults in the United States

 

Screen time (hours per day)

 

< 1

1

2

3

4

> = 5

P for trend

All-causes

       

Unweighted no. deaths/no. at risk

56/910

66/1178

117/2007

106/1360

67/819

130/1076

--

Unweighted person-years

5115

6777

11,504

7713

4611

5782

--

Age-adjusted rate/1,000 PY (95% CI)

8.6 (5.2, 12.1)

8.7 (6.7, 10.8)

8.0 (6.4, 9.6)

10.5 (7.6, 13.4)

8.0 (5.4, 10.7)

13.6 (10.2, 16.9)

--

Model 1 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.03 (0.67, 1.58)

1.04 (0.74, 1.47)

1.41 (0.79, 2.51)

1.11 (0.69, 1.78)

1.84 (1.19, 2.86)

0.001

Model 2 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.04 (0.69, 1.57)

1.03 (0.73, 1.46)

1.40 (0.80, 2.44)

1.03 (0.65, 1.63)

1.74 (1.14, 2.64)

0.001

Model 3 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.07 (0.70, 1.63)

1.05 (0.74, 1.48)

1.35 (0.77, 2.37)

0.97 (0.61, 1.55)

1.55 (1.00, 2.40)

0.024

Model 4 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.18 (0.76, 1.85)

1.16 (0.81, 1.67)

1.45 (0.83, 2.55)

1.02 (0.64, 1.63)

1.41 (0.90, 2.19)

0.173

Model 5 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.16 (0.72, 1.85)

1.14 (0.80, 1.61)

1.40 (0.79, 2.47)

1.00 (0.62, 1.62)

1.30 (0.82, 2.05)

0.336

Model 6 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.10 (0.69, 1.73)

1.09 (0.78, 1.53)

1.38 (0.78, 2.42)

1.02 (0.64, 1.61)

1.33 (0.85, 2.09)

0.181

Model 5: Exclude deaths in year 1

1.00

1.11 (0.69, 1.79)

1.16 (0.81, 1.66)

1.40 (0.77, 2.55)

0.95 (0.58, 1.56)

1.34 (0.81, 2.21)

0.307

Diseases of the circulatory system

       

Unweighted no. deaths/no. at risk

23/910

23/1178

34/2007

40/1360

24/819

46/1076

--

Unweighted person-years

5115

6777

11,504

7713

4611

5782

--

Age-adjusted rate/1,000 PY (95% CI)

3.2 (2.0, 4.4)

3.5 (1.6, 5.4)

1.9 (1.1, 2.7)

3.5 (2.1, 4.9)

2.2 (1.2, 3.3)

4.1 (2.3, 6.0)

--

Model 1 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.09 (0.54, 2.19)

0.63 (0.35, 1.14)

1.14 (0.59, 2.21)

0.77 (0.38, 1.58)

1.37 (0.77, 2.44)

0.167

Model 2 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.13 (0.57, 2.25)

0.66 (0.36, 1.20)

1.19 (0.60, 2.34)

0.77 (0.36, 1.61)

1.33 (0.72, 2.45)

0.263

Model 3 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.18 (0.56, 2.45)

0.70 (0.37, 1.32)

1.24 (0.60, 2.56)

0.76 (0.36, 1.62)

1.29 (0.64, 2.57)

0.428

Model 4 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.42 (0.64, 3.17)

0.82 (0.42, 1.59)

1.42 (0.61, 3.30)

0.84 (0.38, 1.83)

1.20 (0.58, 2.49)

0.858

Model 5 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.35 (0.59, 3.07)

0.83 (0.42, 1.64)

1.50 (0.65, 3.46)

0.88 (0.38, 2.05)

1.14 (0.51, 2.54)

0.909

Model 6 (hazard ratio, 95% CI)

1.00

1.14 (0.56, 2.32)

0.77 (0.43, 1.38)

1.39 (0.69, 2.80)

0.88 (0.39, 1.99)

1.13 (0.57, 2.24)

0.653

Model 5: Exclude deaths in year 1

1.00

1.18 (0.59, 2.38)

0.82 (0.38, 1.73)

1.44 (0.58, 3.58)

0.61 (0.24, 1.50)

1.12 (0.47, 2.65)

0.990

  1. CI = confidence interval; PY = person-years
  2. Model 1 is adjusted for age
  3. Model 2 is adjusted for age, gender, race or ethnicity, educational attainment
  4. Model 3 is adjusted for variables in model 2 plus smoking status, leisure-time physical activity, Healthy Eating Index score, and alcohol consumption
  5. Model 4 is adjusted for variables in model 3 plus health status and health insurance coverage
  6. Model 5 is adjusted for variables in model 4 plus histories of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer
  7. Model 6 is adjusted for variables in model 5 plus body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and HbA1c